% When entering into this citation database please: % % - Check whether the entry you are putting in already exists % - Remember that multiple authors MUST have 'and' between them. % Otherwise BibTeX/InterBib will not understand that they're % looking at multiple names. % - Please don't use 'et al'. Put in all the authors. % - If you have a URL for the paper you're entering, please include % a 'links' field in the paper's entry. Just copy an existing one % and modify the URL. This will cause InterBib to link the title % of the paper to that URL when building an HTML % bibliography. Extremely nice. % - Check whether any of the string macros below are applicable. % and use them. For instance: cacm, icde98, ieeecomp, sigir96, % dl98, etc. If one in a series is missing (e.g. vldb99), just add % a macro by copying the previous one in the series. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % String Macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @string{plieeecs = "IEEE Computer Society, Washington, D.C."} @string{placm = "ACM Press, New York"} @string{plspringer = "Springer, Berlin"} @string{plvldb = "VLDB Endowment, Saratoga, Calif."} @string{plaaai = "AAAI Press, Menlo Park, Calif."} @string{csurvey = "ACM Computing Surveys"} @string{ieeecomp = "IEEE Computer"} @string{tods = "Transactions on Database Systems"} @string{cacm = "Communications of the ACM"} @string{acm = "Association of Computing Machinery"} @string{chi85 = "Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI'85"} @string{chi86 = "Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI'86"} @string{chi87 = 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Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{vldb93 = "Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{vldb94 = "Proceedings of the Twentieth Internationl Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{vldb95 = "Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{vldb96 = "Proceedings of the Twenty-second International Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{vldb97 = "Proceedings of the Twenty-third International Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{vldb98 = "Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth International Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{vldb99 = "Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth International Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{vldb00 = "Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth International Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{vldb01 = "Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh International Conference on Very Large Databases"} @string{www94 = "Proceedings of the Second International World-Wide Web Conference"} @string{www95 = "Proceedings of the Fourth International World-Wide Web Conference"} @string{www96 = "Proceedings of the Fifth International World-Wide Web Conference"} @string{www97 = "Proceedings of the Sixth International World-Wide Web Conference"} @string{www98 = "Proceedings of the Seventh International World-Wide Web Conference"} @string{www99 = "Proceedings of the Eighth International World-Wide Web Conference"} @string{www00 = "Proceedings of the Ninth International World-Wide Web Conference"} @string{www01 = "Proceedings of the Tenth International World-Wide Web Conference"} @string{www04 = "Proceedings of the Thirteenth International World-Wide Web Conference"} @string{icdt97 = "Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Database Theory"} @string{icdt03 = "Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Database Theory"} @string{pods96 = "Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems"} @string{pods95 = "Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems"} @string{pods94 = "Proceedings of the 13rd ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems"} @string{pods93 = "Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems"} @string{tpds = "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"} @string{jacm = "Journal of the ACM"} @string{mm03 = "Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Multimedia ({MM}2003)"} @string{mm04 = "Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Multimedia ({MM}2004)"} %------------------------------------ @INPROCEEDINGS{hamm97 ,AUTHOR = "Joachim Hammer and Hector Garcia-Molina and Junghoo Cho and Arturo Crespo and Rohan Aranha" ,TITLE = "Extracting Semistructured Information from the Web" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Management of Semistructured Data" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cgm97 ,AUTHOR = "Edward Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Reducing Initial Latency in Media Servers" ,BOOKTITLE = "IEEE Multimedia" ,YEAR = "1997" ,volume = "4" ,number = "3" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cgm97a ,AUTHOR = "Edward Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Effective Memory Use in a Media Server" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 23rd Very Large Data Base (VLDB) Conference" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{bks97 ,AUTHOR = "E. Bauer and D. Koller and Y. Singer" ,TITLE = "Update Rules for parameter estimation in {B}ayesian networks" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in AI (UAI)" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{gmks98 ,AUTHOR = "Hector Garcia-Molina and Steven Ketchpel and Narayanan Shivakumar" ,TITLE = "Safeguarding and Charging for Information on the {I}nternet" ,BOOKTITLE = icde98 ,YEAR = "1998" ,note = "Available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-26" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-26)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" } @ARTICLE{kgm97 ,AUTHOR = "Steven Ketchpel and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "A Sound and Complete Algorithm for Distributed Commerce Transactions" ,JOURNAL = "Distributed Computing" ,YEAR = "1999" ,volume = "12" ,number = "1" ,note = "Available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-44" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-44)" ,abstract = {In a multi-party transaction such as fulfilling an information request from multiple sources (also called a distributed commerce transaction), agents face risks from dealing with untrusted agents. These risks are compounded in the face of deadlines, e.g., an agent may fail to deliver purchased goods by the time the goods are needed. We present a distributed algortihm that mitigates these risks, by generating a safe sequence of actions (when possible) that completes a commerce transaction with no risk. We show that the algorithm is sound (produces only safe multi-agent action sequences) and complete (finds a safe sequence whenever one exists). We also show how the algorithm may be extended so that agents may interact directly with other participants rather than through a trusted intermediary. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kgm98a ,AUTHOR = "Steven Ketchpel and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Competitive Sourcing for Internet Commerce" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems" ,YEAR = "1998" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-58)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Abstract: In electronic commerce on the Internet, a customer can choose among several competitive suppliers, but because of the nature of the Internet, the reliability and trustworthiness of suppliers may vary significantly. The customer's goal is to maximize its utility, by minimizing the expense required to fulfill its request, and maximizing its probability of success by some deadline. To this end, the customer creates a request strategy, describing which suppliers to contact under what conditions. In this paper we describe models for representing request strategies complete with supplier reliabilities, delivery timeliness profiles, and customer deadlines. We also develop decision procedures for selecting request strategies that maximize expected utility under certain scenarios, and more efficient heuristics that approximate the optimal solution.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{bs95 ,AUTHOR = "Marko Balabanovic and Yoav Shoham" ,TITLE = "Learning Inforamtion Retrieval Agents: Experiments with Automated Web Browsing" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering from Heterogenous, Distributed Resources" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/balabanovic.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript} } @ARTICLE{bala95a ,AUTHOR = "M. Balabanovic and Y. Shoham and Y. Yun" ,TITLE = "An Adaptive Agent for Automated Web Browsing" ,JOURNAL = "Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "December" ,volume = "6" ,number = "4" ,notes = "(Special issue on Digital Libraries)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @TECHREPORT{bald95 ,AUTHOR = "Michelle Q Wang Baldonado and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "Techniques and Tools for Making Sense out of Heterogeneous Search Service Results" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1995" ,number = "SIDL-WP-1995-0019; 1995-59" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1995-59)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @TECHREPORT{bald96 ,AUTHOR = "Michelle Q Wang Baldonado and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "A User Interaction Model for Browsing Based on Category-Level Operations" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1996" ,number = "SIDL-WP-1996-0029; 1996-75" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-75)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {We propose a user interaction model for browsing based on itera tive category-level operations. The motivation comes from two observations: 1) people naturally think in terms of categories, and 2) in browsing, the types of categories that are salient to users change as they browse. We define a set of category-level operations that lets users iteratively view and find results in terms of these changing category types. We also show that we can express some standard IR operations as iteratively applied sequences of a funda mental category-level operation (thus unifying them). Finally, we describe SenseMaker, a prototype interface for browsing heteroge neous sources.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{chan96 ,AUTHOR = "Edward Chang and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina" ,TITLE = "Reducing Initial Latency in a Multimedia Storage System" ,BOOKTITLE = "Third International Workshop of Multimedia Database Systems" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-65)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {A multimedia server delivers presentations (e.g., videos, movies, providing high bandwidth and continuous real-time deliveryIn this paper we present techniques for reducing the initial latency of presentations, i.e., for reducing the time between the arrival of a request and the start of the presentation. Traditionally, initial latency has not received much attention. This is because one major application of multimedia servers is movies on demand where a delay of a few minutes before a new multi-hour movie starts is acceptable. However , latency reduction is important in interactive applications such as video games and browsing of multimedia documents. V arious latency reduction schemes are proposed and analyzed, and their performance compared. We show that our techniques can signicantly reduce (almost eliminate in some cases) initial latency without adversely affecting throughput. Moreover , a novel on-disk partial data replication scheme that we propose proves to be far more cost effective than any other previous attempts at reducing initial latency. Keywords: multimedia, data placement, data replication.} } @ARTICLE{chan96a ,AUTHOR = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Boolean Query Mapping Across Heterogeneous Information Sources" ,JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering" ,YEAR = "1996" ,month = {Aug} ,volume = "8" ,number = "4" ,pages = "515-521" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-66)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Boolean queries, query translation, information retrieval, heterogeneity, digital libraries, query subsumption, filtering." ,abstract = {Very technical, formal description of query translation. But has the architecture picture.} } @TechReport{chan96a-e ,author = {Chen-Chuan K. Chang and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina and Andreas Paepcke} ,title = {Boolean Query Mapping Across Heterogeneous Information Sources (Extended Version)} ,institution = {Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.} ,year = 1996 ,number = {SIDL-WP-1996-0044; 1996-1} ,note = {Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-1)} ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-1)" ,address = {Stanford, California} ,keywords = "Boolean queries, query translation, information retrieval, heterogeneity, digital libraries, query subsumption, filtering." ,month = {Sep} ,abstract = {Extend version of the paper of the same title appeared in TKDE Aug. 1996} } @ARTICLE{chan99 ,AUTHOR = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Predicate Rewriting for Translating Boolean Queries in a Heterogeneous Information System" ,JOURNAL = tois ,YEAR = "1999" ,month = "January" ,volume = "17" ,number = "1" ,pages = "1-39" ,note = "Available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1999-34" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1999-34)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "query translation, interoperability" ,abstract = {Searching over heterogeneous information sources is difficult in part because of the nonuniform query languages. Our approach is to allow users to compose Boolean queries in one rich front-end language. For each user query and target source, we transform the user query into a subsuming query that can be supported by the source but that may return extra documents. The results are then processed by a filter query to yield the correct final results. In this article we introduce the architecture and associated mechanism for query translation. In particular, we discuss techniques for rewriting predicates in Boolean queries into native subsuming forms, which is a basis of translating complex queries. In addition, we present experimental results for evaluating the cost of postfiltering. We also discuss the drawbacks of this approach and cases when it may not be effective. We have implemented prototype versions of these mechanisms and demonstrated them on heterogeneous Boolean systems.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{ckp+95 ,AUTHOR = " Steve B. Cousins and Steven P. Ketchpel and Andreas Paepcke and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina and Scott W. Hassan and Martin Roescheisen" ,TITLE = " InterPay: Managing Multiple Payment Mechanisms in Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/cousins/cousins.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(39K + pictures) . Audience: Computer Scientists. References: 10. Links: 8. Relevance: High. Abstract: Describes an architecture called InterPay for allowing heterogeneous payment mechanisms to interoperate. Defines three levels (a task level, payment policy level, and payment mechanism level) that may be modified in dependently. Describes a working prototype using the ILU distributed object system from Xerox. Shows a sample transaction using the architecture, and how the components of the architecture (payment agents, collection agents, and paym ent and collection capabilities) can be used in more complex transactions. } } @TECHREPORT{cous96a ,AUTHOR = "Steve B. Cousins and Scott W. Hassan and Andreas Paepcke and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "Towards Wide-Area Distributed Interfaces" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1996" ,number = "SIDL-WP-1996-0037; 1997-67" ,note = "Available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-67" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-67)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "DLITE, distributed interfaces" ,abstract = {Describes how the DLITE design enables shifting of functionality among distributed components.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cous96c ,AUTHOR = "Steve B. Cousins and Andreas Paepcke and Terry Winograd and Eric A. Bier and Ken Pier" ,title = "The Digital Library Integrated Task Environment (DLITE)" ,YEAR = "1997" ,BOOKTITLE = dl97 ,pages = "142--151" ,note = "Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-69" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-69)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "dlite" ,abstract = {~} } @MANUAL{cutt93a ,TITLE = "{ILU} Reference Manual" ,author = "Doug Cutting and Bill Janssen and Mike Spreitzer and Farrell Wymore" ,organization = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Center" ,note = "Accessible at {\tt ftp://\-ftp.parc.xerox.com/\-pub/\-ilu/\- ilu.html}" ,month = "December " ,year = "1993" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://ftp.parc.xerox.com/pub/ilu/ilu.html)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "ILU, distributed objects, digital library" ,abstract = {Reference manual. Tech report at cour94} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cres96 ,AUTHOR = "Arturo Crespo and Eric A. Bier" ,TITLE = "Web{W}riter: A Browser-Based Editor for Constructing Web Applications" ,BOOKTITLE = www96 ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-6)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{grav95 ,AUTHOR = "Luis Gravano and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina" ,TITLE = "Generalizing {{\em GlOSS\/}} to Vector-Space Databases and Broker Hierarchies" ,BOOKTITLE = vldb95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,MONTH = Sep ,PAGES = "78--89" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pubs/1999-63)" ,links = "(title:www:http://www-db.stanford.edu/pub/gravano/1995/vldb95.ps)" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{grav97 ,AUTHOR = "Luis Gravano and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Merging Ranks from Heterogeneous Internet Sources" ,BOOKTITLE = vldb97 ,YEAR = "1997" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-41)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "GlOSS" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{ketc95 ,AUTHOR = "Steven Ketchpel" ,TITLE = "Transaction Protection for Information Buyers and Sellers" ,BOOKTITLE = "DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://robotics.stanford.edu/users/ketchpel/dags4.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (28K) . Audience: Computer scientists. References: 6. Links: 7. Relevance: High. Abstract: Describes protocols and mechanisms which allow parties in an information sale to ensure that neither side is taken advantage of. (eg, giving information without getting paid, or paying without getting promised inform ation) Uses digital signatures to verify the source, relies on a trusted intermediary to act as either a delivery service or escrow agent (which determines whether it works to prevent problems or just punish people who commit them.). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ketc96 ,AUTHOR = "Steven Ketchpel and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina" ,TITLE = "Making Trust Explicit in Distributed Commerce Transactions" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1995-58)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @MISC{koll96 ,author = "Daphne Koller and Mehran Sahami" ,title = "Toward Optimal Feature Selection" ,year = "1996" ,howpublished = "Submitted for publication" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @MISC{lync95 ,author = "Clifford Lynch and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina" ,title = "IITA Digital Libraries Workshop Report." ,year = "1995" ,month = "May" ,howpublished = "Available on request" ,address = "Marianne Siroker, Stanford University, GATES 436, Stanford, CA. 94305" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,links = "(title:www:http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita- dlw/main.html)" ,abstract = {~} } @ARTICLE{paep96a ,AUTHOR = {Andreas Paepcke and Steve B. Cousins and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a- Molina and Scott W. Hassan and Steven K. Ketchpel and Martin R\"{o}scheisen and Terry Winograd} ,TITLE = "Using Distributed Objects for Digital Library Interoperability" ,JOURNAL = "IEEE Computer Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,month = "May" ,volume = "29" ,number = "5" ,pages = "61--68" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-57)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "infobus" ,abstract = {Standard citation for InfoBus} } @TECHREPORT{rmw94 ,AUTHOR = "Martin R{\"{o}}scheisen and Christian Mogensen and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "Shared Web Annotations As A Platform for Third-Party Value-Added Information Providers: Architecture, Protocols, and Usage Examples" ,INSTITUTION = "Computer Science Department, Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "Nov" ,links = "(title:www:http://www-pcd.stanford.edu/COMMENTOR/)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{rosc95 ,AUTHOR = "M. R{\"{o}}scheisen and C. Mogensen and T. Winograd" ,TITLE = "Interaction Design for Shared World-Wide Web Annotations" ,BOOKTITLE = chi95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{rosc95a ,AUTHOR = "M. R{\"{o}}scheisen and C. Mogensen and T. Winograd" ,TITLE = "Beyond Browsing: Shared Comments, {SOAP}s, Trails and On-line Communities" ,BOOKTITLE = www95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,pages = "739-749" ,address = "Darmstadt, Germany" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {The paper describes a system we have implemented that enables people to share structured in-place annotations attached to material in arbitrary documents on the WWW. The basic conceptual decisions are laid out, and a prototypical example of the client server interaction is given. We then explain the usage perspective, describe our experience with using the system, and discuss other experimental usages of our prototype implementation, such as collaborative filtering, seals of approval, and value added trails. We show how this is a specific instantiation of a more general "virtual document" architecture in which, with the help of light weight distributed meta information, viewed documents can incorporate material that is dynamically integrated from multiple distributed sources. Development of that architecture is part of a larger project on Digital Libraries that we are engaged in } } @ARTICLE{rosc95b ,AUTHOR = "Martin R{\"{o}}scheisen and Terry Winograd and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Content Ratings and Other Third-Party Value-Added Information: Defining an Enabling Platform" ,JOURNAL = "CNRI D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "August" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/august95/stanford/roscheisen.html)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @TECHREPORT{rosc95c ,AUTHOR = "M. R{\"{o}}scheisen and C. Mogensen and T. Winograd" ,TITLE = "A Platform for Third-Party Value-Added Information Providers: Architecture, Protocols, and Usage Examples" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "May" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @ARTICLE{rosc97 ,AUTHOR = "Martin R{\"{o}}scheisen and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "A Network-Centric Design for Relationship-Based Rights Management" ,JOURNAL = "Journal of Computer Security" ,volume = 5 ,number = 3 ,pages = "249--254" ,YEAR = "1997" ,note = "Available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-46. The author's dissertation with the same title was completed at Stanford University." ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-46)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {Main article for Roscheisen's work on the use of contract notions for digital library rights management.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{rw96 ,AUTHOR = "Martin R{\"{o}}scheisen and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "A Communication Agreement Framework of Access/Action Control" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Research in Security and Privacy" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-74)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,keywords = "Compacts, authorization, security" ,abstract = {Format: PostScript (286K)} } @ARTICLE{shiv95 ,AUTHOR = "N. Shivakumar and H. Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "The SCAM Approach to Copy Detection in Digital Libraries" ,JOURNAL = "CNRI D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "November" ,links = "title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november95/scam/11shivakumar.html" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @MISC{sidl95 ,title = "The {S}tanford {D}igital {L}ibrary {P}roject" ,year = "1995" ,howpublished = "Special Issue of the Communications of the ACM" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{yan96 ,AUTHOR = "Tak Woon Yan and Matthew Jacobsen and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina and Umeshwar Dayal" ,TITLE = "From User Access Patterns to Dynamic Hypertext Linking" ,BOOKTITLE = www96 ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-76)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "value filtering" ,abstract = {This paper describes an approach for automatically classifying visitors of a web site according to their access patterns. User access logs are examined to discover clusters of users that exhibit similar information needs; e.g., users that access similar pages. This may result in a better understanding of how users visit the site, and lead to an improved organization of the hypertext documents for navigational convenience. More interestingly, based on what categories an individual user falls into, we can dynamically suggest links for him to navigate. In this paper, we describe the overall design of a system that implements these ideas, and elaborate on the preprocessing, clustering, and dynamic link suggestion tasks. We present some experimental results generated by analyzing the access log of a web site. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{md94 ,AUTHOR = "Francis Miksa and Philip Doty" ,TITLE = " Intellectual Realities and the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/miksa.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML document (24K) Audience: Non-technical, librarians. References: 4. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Asks how a digital library is a library. Considers different aspects of libraries and to what extent they are matched by a DL. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mmpr94 ,AUTHOR = "Cliff McKnight and Jack Meadows and David Pullinger and Fytton Rowland" ,TITLE = "ELVYN--Publisher and Library Working Towards the Electronic Distribution and Use of Journals" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/mcknight.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (24K) . Audience: Non-technical, librarians (though some jargon is used). References: 9. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Describes an existing project of journal distribution to libraries via electronic formats. Claims that libraries & publishers still have a role in the new model. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{lem+94 ,AUTHOR = "Elizabeth D. Liddy and Michael B. Eisenberg and Charles R. McClure and Kim Mills and Susan Mernit and James D. Luckett" ,TITLE = " Research Agenda for the Intelligent Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/liddy.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (40K) . Audience: Mostly non-technical, librarians, funders. References: Not included. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Describes an ambitious project proposal to create a digital librarian to handle natural language requests. Documents understood via TIPSTER-like system. Proposal for implementing parallel, connectionist models of t he NLP module. Also interested in impact of such a system for K-12 education. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sbmh94 ,AUTHOR = "Bruce Schatz and Ann Bishop and William Mischo and Joseph Hardin" ,TITLE = " Digital Library Infrastructure for a University Engineering Community" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/schatz.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document () . Audience: Non-technical, librarians, funders (some jargon). References: Not included. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: This proposal describes the DL project at U. of Illinois. It will focus on engineering documents. One idea contained within is searching "concept space" rather than object space, where concepts are a graph of co- occuring terms. } ,privateComment = "Essentially free of technical content" } @INPROCEEDINGS{ssd+94 ,AUTHOR = "David Stotts and John Smith and Prasun Dewan and Kevin Jeffay and F. Donalson Smith and Dana Smith and Steven Weiss and James Coggins and William Oliver" ,TITLE = " A Patterned Injury Digital Library for Collaborative Forensic Medicine" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/stotts.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (44K). Audience: Mostly Non-technical, pathologists, funders . References: 26. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Considers the benefits and research issues related to the construction fo a collection of forensic data (image, video). Short description of some related technologies (WWW, Trellis, Dexter, ABC, Hypersets). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{slh+94 ,AUTHOR = "Sargur N. Srihari and Stephen W. Lam and Jonathan J. Hull and Rohini K. Srihari and Venugopal Govindaraju" ,TITLE = " Intelligent Data Retrieval from Raster Images of Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/srihari.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (24K + pictures) . Audience: Semi-technical, general computer scientists. References: 12. Links: 1. Relevance: Medium (but not mainstream DL). Abstract: Describes a method for getting information from raster image of documents. OCR aided by appealing to word frequencies in similar documents; some processing of graphics (sort by type--bar chart, pie chart, photo, tab le, schematic drawing), builds upon related system to find faces in photos. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bmw94 ,AUTHOR = "Timothy C. Bell and Alistair Moffat and Ian H. Witten" ,TITLE = " Compressing the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/bell.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (32K) . Audience: Semi-technical, general computer scientists. References: 8. Links: 1. Relevance: Medium (but not mainstream DL). Abstract: Discusses the interaction of compression and indexing. Suggests a Huffman encoding applied to words & non-words. Inverted bitmap for indexing, enhanced with Golomb encoding. Compressed 266 Mb Wall Street Journal a rticle database by 50%+ (even after index was included), in one hour on workstation, including creating the index. Queries were processed in less than .1 sec. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gae+94 ,AUTHOR = "Susan Gauch and Ron Aust and Joe Evans and John Gauch and Gary Minden and Doug Niehaus and James Roberts" ,TITLE = " The Digital Video Library System: Vision and Design" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/gauch.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (29K) . Audience: slightly technical, generalist comfortable with technology. References: 23. Links: 1. Relevance: Medium-Low (but not mainstream DL). Abstract: Describes architecture of a system to retrieve & deliver video on demand. Indexing done by audio track or transcript. 100 hours of video to 20-30 users. Different compression modes depending on bandwidth of user co nnection. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bdf+94 ,AUTHOR = "William P. Birmingham and Karen M. Drabenstott and Carolyn O. Frost and Amy J. Warner and Katherine Willis" ,TITLE = " The University of Michigan Digital Library: This is Not Your Father's Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/umdl.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (36K) . Audience: slightly technical, generalist comfortable with technology, funders. References: 13. Links: 1. Relevance: Medium-High. Abstract: Describes the UMichigan Digital Libraries proposal, including some detail about their agent architecture. User agents, Collection-interface agents, and mediators all play a role. Network resources are allocated on a market-based mechanism, and proposal mentions need to protect intellectual property & handle payment issues. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{th94 ,AUTHOR = "Richard M. Tong and David H. Holtzman" ,TITLE = " Knowledge-Based Access to Heterogeneous Information Sources" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/tong.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (24K) . Audience: slightly technical, generalist comfortable with technology, funders, slight business slant. References: 4. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Describes the MINERVA architecture developed at Booz Allen. Two levels of mediators between users and content sources. Describes "Text Reference Language" to describe queries. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mmd+94 ,AUTHOR = "Kathleen McKeown and David Millman and Brian Donnelly and James Hoover and Robert McClintock and Willem Scholten and Dimitris Anastassiou and Shih-Fu Chang and Alan Croswell and Mukesh Dalal and Steven Feiner and Paul Kantor and Judith Klavans and Mischa Schwartz" ,TITLE = " The JANUS Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/janus.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (33K) . Audience: non-technical, funders. References: 26. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Project description of the JANUS library centered at Columbia. Focuses on user interface, generation of NL summaries, multimedia searching, some intellectual property. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{srm+94 ,AUTHOR = "Ben Shneiderman and Azriel Rosenfeld and Gary Marchionini and William G. Holliday and Glenn Ricart and Christos Faloutsos and Judith P. Dick" ,TITLE = " QUEST--Query Environment for Science Teaching" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/shneiderman.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (31K). Audience: non-technical, funders. References: 14. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Describes U. of Maryland digital libraries proposal. Focused on user interface, search engines, multimedia, information capture (e.g., page segmentation). In the context of science education. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fz94 ,AUTHOR = "Robert P. Futrelle and Xiaolan Zhang" ,TITLE = " Large-Scale Persistent Object Systems for Corpus Linguistics and Information Retrieval" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/futrelle.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (40K + picture) . Audience: technical, computer scientists with some knowledge of computational linguistics. References: 31. Links: 1. Relevance: Medium-Low. Abstract: Discusses the challenges in indexing/searching large databases. Argues for a bootstrapping/machine learning approach to locate words in related contexts (surrounding words). Suggests specific data structures. Discusses tradeoffs between accuracy & speed, and scaling problems. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gk94 ,AUTHOR = "Jos\'{e}-Marie Griffiths and Kimberly K. Kertis." ,TITLE = " Access to Large Digital Libraries of Scientific Information Across Networks" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/tennessee.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (34K) . Audience: slightly technical, funders, general technology. References: 14. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Describes U. of Tennessee's Digital Library proposal. Focuses on: representation, navigation, retrieval, display of information; performance & scalability; different user interfaces for different user groups. Semantic net concept representation. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{alle94 ,AUTHOR = "Robert B. Allen" ,TITLE = " Navigating and Searching in Hierarchical Digital Library Catalogs" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/allen.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (21K) . Audience: non technical, users. References: 15. Links: 2. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes a particular user interface based on a book shelf metaphor. Tries to use an a priori classification (Dewey Decimal System) as an organization tool (in addition to results of electronic searches). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gfa+94 ,AUTHOR = "Henry M. Gladney and Edward A. Fox and Zahid Ahmed and Ron Ashany and Nicholas J. Belkin and Michael Lesk and Richard Tong and Maria Zemankova" ,TITLE = " Digital Library: Gross Structure and Requirements (Report from a March 1994 Workshop)" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/fox.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (35K) . Audience: DL researchers, workgroup attendees. References: 22. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: The report of a working group on digital libraries. Defines terms, discusses a possible architecture in terms of resource managers and application enablers. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{slm+94 ,AUTHOR = "John L. Schnase and John J. Leggett and Edward S. Metcalfe and Nancy R. Morin and Edward L.Cunnius and Jonathan S. Turner and Richard K. Furuta and Leland Ellis and Michael S. Pilant and Richard E. Ewing and Scott W. Hassan and Mark E. Frisse" ,TITLE = " The CoLib Project--Enabling Digital Botany for the 21st Century" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/colib.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (49K) . Audience: Non-technical, funders, botanists. References: 30. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: U. of Missouri's digital libraries proposal, in the botany domain. points: need for collaboration among DL users, ATM as network platform. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ec94 ,AUTHOR = "Kate Ehrlich and Debra Cash" ,TITLE = " Turning Information into Knowledge: Information Finding as a Collaborative Activity" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/lotus.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (30K) . Audience: Non-technical, social science, "work flow". References: 16. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Case study of customer service organization that uses Lotus Notes. Discusses importance of face-to-face, informal communication, human "information mediators". } } @INPROCEEDINGS{msm94 ,AUTHOR = "Catherine C. Marshall and Frank M. Shipman III and Raymond J. McCall" ,TITLE = " Putting Digital Libraries to Work: Issues from Experience with Community Memories" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/marshall.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (43K + picture) . Audience: Non-technical, Social Scientists, CSCW developers. References: 27. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discusses the notion of "community memories", how they are created (seeding, evolutionary growth, re-seeding), how they are used & searched. Some specific discussion of particular systems like XNetwork, VIKI, JANUS, NoteCards, VNS. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kkg+94 ,AUTHOR = "Gary King and H. T. Kung and Barbara Grosz and Sidney Verba and Dale Flecker and Brian Kahin" ,TITLE = " The Harvard Self-Enriching Library Facilities (SELF) Project" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/harvard.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (23K) . Audience: Non technical, funders. References: 0. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Digital libraries proposal that focuses on 2 way information flow. Allow users to enter annotations, reviews, dataset descriptions, etc. Emphasis on user interface, some intellectual property. Combination of Z39.50 & HTTP. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{furu94 ,AUTHOR = "Richard Furuta" ,TITLE = " Defining and Using Structure in Digital Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/furuta.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (31K) . Audience: Authors, Developers, slightly technical. References: 43. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Discussion of SGMLs, their motivation, research issues, how they might be extended to non-text objects. Distinction between content & presentation } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ke94 ,AUTHOR = "Rob Kling and Margaret Elliott" ,TITLE = " Digital Library Design for Usability" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/kling.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (49K + picture) . Audience: Non-technical, developers, human factors people. References: 16. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Distinguishes between usability in terms of user interface and "organizational usability" (integration into existing working environment). Claims both are ignored, the latter more so. Presents 5 traditional models of software development (primarily from point of view of end-user inclusion) and a 6th based on organizational usability. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{khl+94 ,AUTHOR = "Charles Kacmar and Susan Hruska and Chris Lacher and Dean Jue and Christie Koontz and Myke Gluck and Stuart Weibel" ,TITLE = " An Architecture and Operation Model for a Spatial Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/kacmar.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (32K) . Audience: Mostly non-technical, funders, Geographic IS people. References: 18. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Discusses value and problems of spatial (geographic) data. Proposes a distributed hierarchy of metadata to assist in location of relevant data. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{lm94 ,AUTHOR = "David M. Levy and Catherine C. Marshall" ,TITLE = " What Color was George Washington's White Horse? A Look at the Assumptions Underlying Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/levy.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document () . Audience: Non technical, digital library researchers. References: 18. Links: 2. Relevance: Medium. Abstract: Raises a number of interesting questions about directions for DL research. Eg, How can DL be integrated with paper documents? What support will there be for collaboration? Where does the DL fall on the permanent, fixed document vs. fluid, short-lived memo spectrum? Description of typical analysts working methods. Problem is not finding relevant information, but determining an appropriate subset to read to solve problem at hand. Much more collaboration than is typical acknowledged. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bhw94 ,AUTHOR = "Sulin Ba and Aimo Hinkkanen and Andre B. Whinston" ,TITLE = " Digital Library as a Foundation for Decision Support Systems" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/ba.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (43K) . Audience: Semi-technical, business slant, funding proposal. References: 14. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Sees a DL as an enterprise wide collection of *executable* documents. SGML and Mathematica suggested as integration tools. Search for data representation which will allow automatic combination of separate documents to solve problems. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gsr+94 ,AUTHOR = "R. L. Grossman and A. Sundaram and H. Ramamoorthy and M. Wu and S. Hogan and J. Shuler and O. Wolfson" ,TITLE = " Viewing the U.S. Government Budget as a Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/grossman.html)" ,ABSTRACT = { HTML Document (24K) . Audience: Computer scientists, funders . References: 7. Links: 1. Relevance: low. Abstract: Describes a prototype system built using tools to access data from the federal budget. Argues that statistical, numerical data is fundamentally different from text and multimedia. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{rwkr94 ,AUTHOR = "Michael Ribaudo and Colette Wagner and Michael Kress and Bernard Rous" ,TITLE = " The Challenges to Designing Viable Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/cuny.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (19K) . Audience: Mostly non-technical, funders & business people. References: 5. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Lists 6 "major" areas that need to be addressed for DL. 1) Is internet sufficient in terms of topology & bandwidth? 2) UI for disabled users? 3) Economic model of publishing 4) Production model for electronic pub lishing (work flow) 5) Electronic tools to support publishing 6) Intellectual Property. Doesn't make concrete suggestions beyond suggesting various committees. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{smw+94 ,AUTHOR = "S. Shen and R. Mukkamala and A. Wadaa and C. Zhang and H. Abdel-Wahab and K. Maly and A. Liu and M. Yuan" ,TITLE = " An Interoperable Architecture for Digital Information Repositories" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/shen.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (29K + Picture) . Audience: Slightly technical, funders. References: 11. Links: 1. Relevance: High. Abstract: Basically a proposal that mirrors the Stanford digital library project. They present a 3 layer architecture (User Interface Layer, Interoperability Layer, Resource Repository Layer) that corresponds closely with the interface clients, InfoBus, and Information Source model. Also includes a brief description of mechanisms for Gopher, WAIS, and Archie. Suggests a protocol using a minimal set of efficient primitives that sources would have to provid e to be part of the library, but also expects the set to be extensible. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bm94 ,AUTHOR = "Sujata Banerjee and Vibhu O. Mittal" ,TITLE = " On the Use of Linguistic Ontologies for Accessing and Indexing Distributed Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/banerjee.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document () . Audience: Non-technical, on-line searchers. References: 16. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Addresses problem of finding correct keywords to search for by using WordNet. If a search doesn't turn up the hits needed, it modifies query by using synonyms, generalizing, or replacing with a set of more specific words. Searcher is asked to approve modified queries, which are then re-sent to content providers. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{acke94 ,AUTHOR = "Mark S. Ackerman" ,TITLE = " Providing Social Interaction in the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/ackerman.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(12K) . Audience: Non-technical, digital library researchers/funders. References: 13. Links: 2. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Argues that social aspects of collaboration must be included in a Digital Library for the informal, organizational things that aren't always available in information sources. Mentions a TCL based system called CAFE that adds functionality of messages, bulletin boards, and talk. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{cg94 ,AUTHOR = "William B. Cavnar and Andrew M. Gillies" ,TITLE = " Data Retrieval and the Realities of Document Conversion" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/cavnar.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (9K) . Audience: Semi-technical, general computer science. References: 5. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discusses need for inexact matching, eg. OCR recognition errors. Proposes using N-grams, overlapping sequences of N adjacent letters as search target. Also research in matching in image of scanned documents (not doing OCR). Some results on mail sorting & census data. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{char94 ,AUTHOR = "Mitchell N. Charity" ,TITLE = " Multiple Standards? No problem" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/charity.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (6K) . Audience: Non-technical, standards committee membets. References: 0. Links: 1. Relevance: Medium-low. Abstract: Argues for an IETF rather than ISO model of standards committee. Encouraging several different protocols with gateways being constructed as needed, and generally letting the marketplace determine what survives. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{chk+94 ,AUTHOR = "Francine Chen and Marti Hearst and Julian Kupiec and Jan Pedersen and Lynn Wilcox" ,TITLE = " Mixed-Media Access" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/marti.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (8K) . Audience: Researchers, esp. in the area of multi-media searching. References: 8. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Essentially a set of pointers to Xerox PARC reports. Describes projects related to scatter/gather, automatic segmenting, "keyword" search equivalents for audio & video, and summarization. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{davi94 ,AUTHOR = "Hugh Davis" ,TITLE = " Using Microcosm to Access Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/davis.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (6K) . Audience: UK funders . References: 4. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: A description of the Microcosm system (campus document delivery), a hypermedia system allowing links to 3rd party viewers. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{edwa94 ,AUTHOR = "Judith Edwards" ,TITLE = " The Electronic World and Central Queensland University" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/edwards.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (6K) . Audience: DL '94 officials & attendees. References: 0 . Links: 1 . Relevance: Low. Abstract: Queensland U's interest in attending DL '94. Some statistics on current and expected use of networked information servers. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{es94 ,AUTHOR = "Mark England Melissa Shaffer" ,TITLE = " Librarians in the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/england.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (6K) . Audience: Librarians and Digital Library researchers. References: 0. Links: 1. Relevance: Medium. Abstract: Offers predictions/suggestions for the role of librarians as "teaching, consulting, researching, preserving intellectual and access freedom, and collaborating in the design, application, and maintenance of information access systems." } } @INPROCEEDINGS{furu94b ,AUTHOR = "Kenneth Furuta" ,TITLE = " Librarianship in the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/kfuruta.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (4K) . Audience: Librarians and Digital Library researchers. References: 0. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: A view on the role in classification, reference, ensuring access, and collection development for the librarian of a digital library. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{klin94 ,AUTHOR = "Vickie L. Kline" ,TITLE = " Spirit Guides of Cyberspace" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/kline.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (5K). Audience: Non-technical. Librarians and futurologists.. References: 0. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: A futuristic view of what librarians might be once virtual reality is commonplace. Told as a sci-fi story. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{lwk+94 ,AUTHOR = "Bede Liu and Wayne Wolf and Sanjeev Kulkarni and Andrew Wolfe and Hisashi Kobayashi and Fred Greenstein and Ira Fuchs and Arding Hsu and Farshid Arman and Yiqing Liang" ,TITLE = " The Princeton Video Library of Politics" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/wolf.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (8K) . Audience: Digital library funders. References: 0. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discusses the problems with searching, browsing and indexing video. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sanc94 ,AUTHOR = "J. Alfredo S\'{a}nchez" ,TITLE = " User Agents in the Interface to Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/sanchez.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (7K) . Audience: Non-technical. References: 3. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Suggests user or interface agents are a valuable organizational tool. "Examples of missions that can be delegated to agents in a digital library include notifying the user when information of interest is added or upd ated, filtering retrieved information according to the user's needs or preferences, and handling routine administrative procedures in the library (such as copyright and billing procedures). Agents may also provide hints to the user bas ed on their knowledge of the library or on observed usage by other users, or contact other users (or user agents) to obtain needed information." Goes on to list properties that agents should have like: security, inspectability, adapti vity, etc. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sp94 ,AUTHOR = "Gordon K. Springer and Timothy B. Patrick" ,TITLE = " Translating Data to Knowledge in Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/springer.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (8K) . Audience: Non technical, funders. References: 3. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Argues for the need for "filters" programs which will turn the use of the web from document retrieval to information retrieval. A large number of user and task specific filters will be required. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{woel94 ,AUTHOR = "Darrell W. Woelk" ,TITLE = " Carnot Intelligent Agents and Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/position/woelk.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document() . Audience: Digital Library researchers. References: 3. Links: 1. Relevance: Medium-Low. Abstract: Suggests the use of agents which are "automatically programmed with the knowledge necessary to map among different data models, query languages, and database schemas." Relies on having a pre-defined "enterprise mod el" (common ontology) and mappings for all the individual databases. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kahi94 ,AUTHOR = "Brian Kahin" ,TITLE = " The Strategic Environment for Protecting Multimedia" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/Kahin.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (23K + pictures). Audience: Non technical, general public. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: medium. Abstract: A very good big picture overview that covers a broad range of issues, from desirability of technological protection of IP, to the government's role, to past models of protection. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{linn94 ,AUTHOR = "R.J. (Jerry) Linn" ,TITLE = " Copyright and Information Services in the Context of the National Research and Education Network" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/Linn.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (34K + pictures). Audience: Computer scientists, politicians. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: Medium-Low. Abstract: Argues that the 1991 High Performance Computing act (which stipulates that the "Network" shall ensure copyright laws are obeyed) is unenforceable. Suggests that the responsibility for enforcement should be at the app lication level. Outlines a system of software envelopes, digital signatures, time stamps, and special purpose, limited capability viewers to ensure protection. Also proposes an amendment to HPC 1991. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{eber94 ,AUTHOR = "Joseph L. Ebersole" ,TITLE = " Response to Dr. Linn's Paper" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proccedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/Ebersole.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (15K). Audience: Readers of Dr. Linn's article, lawyers. References: 5. Links: 0. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Discusses the differences between a common carrier, distributor, and publisher. Also discusses trade secrets, fair use. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{perr94 ,AUTHOR = "Henry H. Perritt, Jr." ,TITLE = " Permission Headers and Contract Law" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP WOrkshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/Perritt.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (71K). Audience: Public policy, lawyers, and developers. References: 47 notes. Links: 0. Relevance: Medium. Abstract: Focusing primarily on intellectual property, this article covers a lot of ground. Briefly describes the CNRI copyright management project, argues for "permission headers" that describe how each of the various protected rights (viewing, copying, preparing derivative works, etc) can be in the header, along with economic information. Describes whether digitally signed contracts are likely to be legally enforceable (they probably are), and under what ci rcumstances electronic records are court-admissable (when they are generated as a regular course of business, and there's no reason to doubt them). Argues against general encryption, too expensive & inconsistent with the open market o f ideas. Seeks legal protection commensurate with the value of a transaction. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gs94 ,AUTHOR = "Branko Gerovac and Richard J. Solomon" ,TITLE = " Protect Revenues, Not Bits: Identify Your Intellectual Property" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip- workshop/www/Gerovac.Solomon.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (40K). Audience: Standards committees, general technologists, technical sections. References: 14 footnotes. Links: 0 . Relevance: low-medium. Abstract: Discusses a header-based approach to identifying data streams, focusing on video domains. Gives a brief history of copyrights. Gives desiderata for standards/design to ensure interoperability, flexibility, extensib ility, etc. Gives concrete examples of encoding used for certain applications. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ur94 ,AUTHOR = "Luella Upthegrove and Tom Roberts" ,TITLE = " Intellectual Property Header Descriptors: A Dynamic Approach" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip- workshop/www/Upthegrove.Roberts.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(). Audience: DL Researchers, librarians. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Very sketchy outline of approach for managing IP by using trusted systems, local repositories contact remote (IP Owner's) repositories. Documents have headers with "global header descriptor contain a set of data ele ments that identify intellectual property: Ownership, Permitted Uses, Royalty Compensation, and IP Attributes." } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sirb94 ,AUTHOR = "Marvin A. Sirbu" ,TITLE = " Internet Billing Service Design and Prototype Implementation" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/Sirbu.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (33K + 5 pictures). Audience: Service providers and users . References: 4 notes. Links: 0. Relevance: Medium-High. Abstract: Details an account-based billing server. Lists design requirements, and motivates the need for such a service. Describes the steps involved in a transaction. Buyer sends purchase agreement (including price) to sel ler, seller sends an independent copy to billing server. If both match, server checks that buyer has sufficient funds, then tells service to go ahead. Service does work, then sends invoice to buyer via billing server. Billing server reconciles accounts monthly. Other features: access control, hierarchical organization of corporate accounts, price negotiation & spending caps. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sg94 ,AUTHOR = "Sergiu S. Simmel and Ivan Godard" ,TITLE = " Metering and Licensing of Resources: Kala's General Purpose Approach" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip- workshop/www/Simmel.Godard.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (72K). Audience: information/software users & producers on the network. References: 9. Links: 0. Relevance: medium. Abstract: Describes a revenue collection mechanism for software/data over in a networked environment. Scheme enables either pay-per-use or licensed arrangements. Stresses recursive nature, so that components may be made up o f other components. Primarily non-technical introduction, followed by specification of API and resource acquiring algorithm in pseudo-code. Mentions concerns of people trying to break the system, and discusses a "cookie" algorithm, b ut it didn't seem like a complete answer. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kahn94 ,AUTHOR = "Robert E. Kahn" ,TITLE = " Deposit, Registration and Recordation in an Electronic Copyright Management System" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/Kahn.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (25K + picture). Audience: Good technical introduction . References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: Medium. Abstract: Reasonable intro to the ideas of encryption, digital signatures, notarization, and a possible mechanism for copyright request *for law abiding users* doesn't deal with protection against caching/passing documents. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ty94 ,AUTHOR = "J.D. Tygar and Bennet Yee" ,TITLE = " Dyad: A System for Using Physically Secure Coprocessors" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip- workshop/www/Tygar.Yee.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (97K). Audience: Computer Scientists, reasonably technical. References: 9 notes, 65 references. Links: 0. Relevance: Medium-Low. Abstract: Discusses the possibility of secure co-processors, so that clear text is never available on a non-secure co-processor. Also applicable for contracts, authentication, audit trails, and digital cash (which wouldn't require access to a central bank server.) Seems a cumbersome hardware solution, but something similar may be necessary in a "total protection" model. Good glossary of cryptography terms and good bibliography. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{grah94 ,AUTHOR = "Peter S. Graham" ,TITLE = " Intellectual Preservation and Electronic Intellectual Property" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/Graham.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (43K). Audience: Non-technical, librarians. References: 13 notes. Links: 0. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discussion of ensuring authenticity of documents, essentially just notarization. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gris94 ,AUTHOR = "Gary N. Griswold" ,TITLE = " A Method for Protecting Copyright on Networks" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/Griswold.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(29K). Audience: Computer scientists, specific & somewhat technical. References: 10. Links: 0. Relevance: Medium. Abstract: Secure copyrighted documents by transmitting them in an "envelope" which is the only way to view, print, etc. Periodic & per-use reverification with a server, possible chargeback info. PATENTS APPLIED FOR. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mq94 ,AUTHOR = "Ben\^{o}it Macq and Jean-Jacques Quisquater" ,TITLE = " Digital Images Multiresolution Encryption" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip- workshop/www/Macq.Quisquater.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (11K). Audience: Computer Scientists, very technical. References: 6. Links: 0. Relevance: low. Abstract: A description of good properties of encryption algorithms applied to image data. A proposal for a technical means to achieve some of those desirable properties. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mt94 ,AUTHOR = "Kineo Matsui and Kiyoshi Tanaka" ,TITLE = " Video-Steganography: How to Secretly Embed a Signature in a Picture" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip- workshop/www/Matsui.Tanaka.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: ARTICLE NOT AVAILABLE. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{jens94 ,AUTHOR = "Michael Jensen" ,TITLE = " Need-Based Intellectual Property Protection and Networked University Press Publishing" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/Jensen.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (22K). Audience: Publishers, slightly technical.. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: A publisher's view on why publisher's won't be irrelevant. Also, a description of the type of security that a publisher would expect (ie, let's not worry about making it perfect, just reasonable.) --a header based system, without details of how to ensure the restrictions are obeyed. Gives a specific list of information that he thinks should be in the header. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mass94 ,AUTHOR = "Barry M. Massarsky" ,TITLE = " The Operating Dynamics Behind ASCAP, BMI and SESAC, The U.S. Performing Rights Societies" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip- workshop/www/Massarsky.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (25K) . Audience: Business, IP people, non-technical. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Discusses the historical convergence to the current mechanism of music royalties, including some statistics about the monitoring procedure of ASCAP. Argues that the licensing model is to be preferred to the transaction model for multimedia. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{phil94 ,AUTHOR = "Kenneth L. Phillips" ,TITLE = " Meta-Information, The Network of the Future and Intellectual Property Protection" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/Phillips.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (24K). Audience: Non-technical (some jargon), somewhat business-oriented. References: 4. Links: 0. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Tries to apply information theory ideas of half-life. Description of ATM header packet. Discussion of value of marketing info from charge card & 800 calls. (Claims marketers would pay \$3 per name/address for access to 800-lists, \$3-7 if you could add queries about charge cards.) } ,privateComment = "not too rigorous" } @INPROCEEDINGS{cupi94 ,AUTHOR = "Consortium for University Printing and Information Distribution (CUPID)" ,TITLE = " Protocols and Services (Version 1): An Architectural Overview" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/CUPID.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (52K). Audience: Publishers, layperson, non-technical. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discussion of the CUPID project, basically just-in-time printing, (of textbooks, e.g.) at trusted printshops. No terminal display, hardcopy only. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{nels94 ,AUTHOR = "Theodor Holm Nelson" ,TITLE = " A Publishing and Royalty Model for Networked Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = " IP Workshop Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/www/Nelson.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (6K). Audience: Auhtors, publishers, users. References: 1. Links: 0. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Describes the ideas behind Xanadu. Works available at a pay- per-byte rate set by publisher. Embedding of documents (called transclusion) results in original author being paid. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{arno94 ,AUTHOR = "Kenneth Arnold" ,TITLE = " The Body in the Virtual Library: Rethinking Scholarly Communication" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/arnold.body.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (41K) . Audience: Scholars, publishers (esp. university press), librarians. References: 10. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Discusess the future of university presses, in pretty grim terms. Suggests that they lack the capital, staff, and quick reaction time to survive in an electronic world. Considers the Mellon report on scholarly comm unication (which suggests universities get copyrights on books their faculty produce) unreasonable. Thinks that relying on commercial network providers (esp. cable, telecom) would be disastrous. Advocates a non-profit distribution ne twork for scholarly publication. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{arno94b ,AUTHOR = "Kenneth Arnold" ,TITLE = " The Electronic Librarian Is a Verb/The Electronic Library Is Not a Sentence" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/arnold.eleclib.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (49K) . Audience: Librarians, policy makers. References: 10. Links: 1. Relevance: low. Abstract: A vision of the networked library. Sees the real value of librarians as creating "attention structures" which anticipate the way clients search. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{day94 ,AUTHOR = "Colin Day" ,TITLE = " Economics of Electronic Publishing" ,YEAR = "1994" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/colin.econ.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (31K) . Audience: Generalist, academic. References: 1. Links: 0. Relevance: low-medium. Abstract: Discusses the 4 services of publisher and library: Gathering, Selecting, Enhancing, and Informing in terms of benefits provided to academics and society. Argues that distribution of ideas is too important to be exclusively at the mercy of the market place, and should (like theater or public TV) be subsidized, but the majority of cost recovery should still be from users. A rgues that the producers and consumers (university presses and faculty) are largely part of the same institution, so there should be gains, but presses have evolved to be largely independent. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{day94b ,AUTHOR = "Colin Day" ,TITLE = " Pricing Electronic Products" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/colin.eprice.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (21K) . Audience: publishers, librarians. References: 0. Links: 0 . Relevance: low-medium . Abstract: Economic discussion of publishing. Looks at "first copy" and "incremental copy" costs. Considers ways that publishers can recover first copy costs while still distributing to all for whom it is economically rational (value is greater than incremental cost.) Possible models: 1) "country club", where one pays high up-front dues, but then low per-transaction cost; 2) "differentiated costs" where different products are provided, one at a higher cost with certain features, a second at lower (marginal) cost, e.g., more expensive hardcover comes out first, followed by cheap paperback months later. Mentions 3 specific examples: Project Muse, Chicago Journal of Theoretical Computer Science, and Mathematical Reviews. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fill94 ,AUTHOR = "Laura Fillmore" ,TITLE = " How We Must Think" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.obs-us.com/obs/english/papers/think.htm)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Version (25K)> . Audience: Publishers. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: The president of the Online Bookstore gives her suggestions for other publishers to succeed in the digital age. Think creatively about things that were not possible in paper. Add value by licensing content then giv ing people a framework through which to think about it. Quote from Gregory Rawlins, a computer science professor at Indiana University: "If you're not part of the steamroller, you're part of the road." } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fill94b ,AUTHOR = "Laura Fillmore" ,TITLE = " Internet Publishing in a Borderless Environment: Bookworms into Butterflies" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.obs-us.com/obs/english/papers/butter.htm)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (18K) . Audience: Publishers. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Electronic publishing will need to account for the distributed nature of the Internet. Roles for a publisher include: Imprimatur of quality, content filter. Verifying authenticity of the files. Creating context ar ound core content; Developing and maintaining an equitable royalty system based on number of accesses. Customizing the content for the readers. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fill94c ,AUTHOR = "Laura Fillmore" ,TITLE = " Online Publishing: Threat or Menace?" ,BOOKTITLE = "JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.obs-us.com/obs/english/papers/threat.htm)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (30K) . Audience: General public, publishers. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: low. Abstract: One person's view on the future of publishing and books. Time to press has decreased; "non-linear" thinking is encouraged; people use on-line resources differently than traditional books; piracy is not likely to be a big problem; publishers still needed to publicize. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fish94 ,AUTHOR = "Janet Fisher" ,TITLE = " Copyright: The Glue of the System" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/fisher.copyright.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (15K) . Audience: Publishers, scholars, authors. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: low. Abstract: An MIT Press director gives her position on copyrights: Journal publishers are essential because they 1) take care of requests for reprints, etc and 2) provide the filter which full-text on-line services need to determine quality. Individual authors or their institutions could not do these economically. Does suggest some changes to current law, like allowing authors to copy for their own classes without fee. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{free94 ,AUTHOR = "Lisa Freeman" ,TITLE = " Testimony prepared on behalf of the Association of American University Presses for the National Information Infrastructure Task Force Working Group on Intellectual Property" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/freeman.nii.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (10K) . Audience: Legislators. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: low. Abstract: AAUP believes the current copyright law is sufficient for use in the networked world. The copyright provides a valuable service in designating the "final" (peer-reviewed) copy. Reprint fees, contracts, and copy prot ection should not be mandated but handled by the copyright holders. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gher94 ,AUTHOR = "Paul Gherman" ,TITLE = " IMAGE VISION: Forging A National Image Alliance" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/gherman.image.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (11K) . Audience: Image catalogers & users, politicians. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: low. Abstract: Argues that all of the search & retrieval issues for bibliographic records are worse for images. There are more of them, there's no standard for representation or indexing. Calls for creation of universal image database, a single standard for representation, and a standard license agreement for image owners.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{gree94 ,AUTHOR = "Philip Greenspun" ,TITLE = " We Have Chosen Shame and Will Get War" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/philg/research/shame-and- war.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (22K) . Audience: Browser developers, content publishers. References: 7. Links: 13. Relevance: low. Abstract: Quote from conclusion "HTML is inadequate. It lacks sufficient structural and formatting tags to even render certain kinds of fiction comprehensible much less aesthetic. HTML needs style sheets or improved formatting capabilities so that document designers can spare 20 million Internet users from adjusting everything themselves. The META tag in HTML level 2 can be exploited to implement a document typing system. We need to develop a hierarchy of do cument types to facilitate implementation of programs that automatically process Web documents. This type system must support multiple inheritance. " } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kahi94b ,AUTHOR = "Brian Kahin" ,TITLE = " Institutional and Policy Issues in the Development of the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/kahin.dl.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (31K) . Audience: net users, librarians, publishers. References: 1. Links: 0. Relevance: low-medium. Abstract: Argues that publishers and libraries will fill the same niche in the digital library. Both will have to change. Talks about the Chicago Journal of Theoretical CS, and says that MIT press is making the effort to cha nge the perception of the online journal so it is considered as prestigious as a traditional journal. Worries that drained of traditional revenue sources, publishers will charge much higher reprint fees. Also concerned that there may be a patent in the pipeline that the Patent Office will stupidly allow, causing major problems for the field. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{so94 ,AUTHOR = "E. Sloan and A. Okerson" ,TITLE = " Columbia Working Group on Electronic Texts" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/okerson.columbia.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (20K) . Audience: Academicians, esp. university librarians and presses. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: low. Abstract: Report from a meeting of university representatives on the need to make electronic publishing viable (primarily economic and timeliness) and the prerequisites for doing so (getting critical mass of papers in a field, ease of use, tenure considerations). Suggests universities encourage their faculty to publish on own university pre-print servers, and have differing levels of status for discussion, pre-print, accepted, etc. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{stro94 ,AUTHOR = "William S. Strong" ,TITLE = " Copyright in the New World of Electronic Publishing" ,BOOKTITLE = " JEP" ,YEAR = "1994" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/works/strong.copyright.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (29K) . Audience: Publishers. References: 0. Links: 0. Relevance: Low. Abstract: A lawyer talks about the future of copyright and electronic publishing. Argues that people will obey laws and not make lots of illicit copies. Publishers should aid that by keeping prices low, educating public on c opyright and fair use, and have simple licensing agreements. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ca95 ,AUTHOR = " William T. Crocca and William L. Anderson" ,TITLE = " Delivering Technology for Digital Libraries: Experiences as Vendors" ,BOOKTITLE = " DL '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/crocca/crocca.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (39K + picture). . Audience: Computer scientists and librarians References: 10. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Argues that many of the problems in DL development are not technical, but social and political, as the nature of the work is transformed. Describes two Xerox collaborations with academia, one on scanned documents, a second with a web-based system. Lists some assumptions that are sometimes made, and to what extent they are borne out. Special concerns are standards, which ones to support, and ensuring access to acquisitions in old standards. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ccw95 ,AUTHOR = "W. Bruce Croft and Robert Cook and Dean Wilder" ,TITLE = " Providing Government Information on the Internet: Experiences with THOMAS" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/croft/croft.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(29K) . Audience: Information retrieval specialists. References: 12. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes use of THOMAS, the on-line source of congressional information. Based on the INQUERY engine, offers keyword searches with other advanced features (proximity, weighted averaging, synonyms) which are largely ignored by the user population. The tendency is for short (3 word or less) queries about a single topic. Describes domain-dependent performance enhancements with the ranking algorithms to ensure that relevant hits appear near the top of the ranking. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{wcvb95 ,AUTHOR = " Ian H. Witten and Sally Jo Cunningham and Mahendra Vallabh and Timothy C. Bell" ,TITLE = " A New Zealand Digital Library for Computer Science Research" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/witten/witten.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(27K + pictures). Audience: Computer scientists. References: 18. Links: 13. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Describes a CS Tech Report project in New Zealand. The mg system stores a full text index (in about 5% of the space of the original!). Documents stay on home servers, only index is centralized. Ability to automatically extract ASCII text from PostScript etc. Able to limit search to first page (usually author, title, abstract). Issues: scalability, ability to minimize communication traffic, transparent to providers, largely automatic indexing. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{levy95 ,AUTHOR = "David M. Levy" ,TITLE = " Cataloging in the Digital Order" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/levy/levy.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (34K) . Audience: Net culturists, computer scientists, librarians. References: 25. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes the role of catalogers in the traditional library and their prospects in the future. Argues that catalogers impose an order, and their job requires skills that will not be mechanizable--software agents can not do what catlogers do. Raises questions about the nature of digital material with respect to permanence, maintenance, etc. And how digital materials fit in with traditional definitions (What's a publisher or edition?) } } @INPROCEEDINGS{af95 ,AUTHOR = "Mark S. Ackerman and Roy T. Fielding" ,TITLE = " Collection Maintenance in the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/ackerman/ackerman.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(39K + pictures) . Audience: Librarians, web masters. References: 27. Links: 2. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discusses the problem of collection maintenance in the digital domain, and argues that while some traditional practices will carry over, new methods will have to be created, esp. for dynamic and informal resources. S uggests that some maintenance can be done automatically by agents, and gives 2 examples: MOMSpider, which checks to make sure links are still current and Web:Lookout which notifies user when "interesting" changes are made to a watched page. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{grah95 ,AUTHOR = "Peter S. Graham" ,TITLE = " The Digital Research Library: Tasks and Commitments" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/graham/graham.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(36K) . Audience: Librarians. References: 23. Links: 8. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discusses technical and organizational challenges which must be met to have a real digital research library. SIgnificant one is obtaining the institutional commitments to ensure longevity of the collection and acces s to it. Discusses some of the required tasks (like cataloging, backup , authentication) at a high level. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bdkr95 ,AUTHOR = "Shirley Browne and Jack Dongarra and Ken Kennedy and Tom Rowan" ,TITLE = " Management of the Nationale HPCC Software Exchange--A Virtual Distributed Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/browne/browne.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (35K + pictures) . Audience: Computer scientists, mathematicians, librarians. References: 15. Links: 13. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Describes the NHSE software repository, with files kept at authors' sites, but a central index in a common form (prepared manually now, but hopefully automatically later). Includes a special process for submission a nd revision via web forms, with digital signatures (PGP) required for authentication. Accepted files are fingerprinted using MD5 so that modifications can be detected. A scheme of LIFNs (Location Independent FileNames) is essentially a precursor to URN's. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mckn95 ,AUTHOR = "Cliff McKnight" ,TITLE = " Digital Library Research at Loughborough: The Last Fifteen Years" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/mcknight/mcknight.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(27K) . Audience: Librarians, Journal readers, authors, and publishers. References: 26. Links: 2. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes several projects (BLEND, EVELYN, QUARTET, ADONIS, TEJ) taking place in the UK, going back to 1981. Results were rather pessimistic, with computing resources (esp. screen technology) typically not being suff icient to support what was really necessary. On-line publication was no faster than paper publication (referee reports still took as long) and there was the question of whether on-line publication counts toward tenure. One benefit wa s the immediacy with which on-line discussion of articles occured. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{vanh95 ,AUTHOR = "Nancy A. Van House" ,TITLE = " User Needs Assessment and Evaluation for the UC Berkeley Electronic Environmental Library Project" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/vanhouse/vanhouse.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(28K) . Audience: HCI people, librarians. References: 16. Links: 3. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Starts off with a description of Berkeley's NSF/ARPA/NASA project, focusing on environmental data, particularly water planning for California. Diverse data types, bitmapped pages with OCR text. Describes the proper ties of the task, and the users of the system. Talks about methods of assessing users needs, like interviews, observation, focus groups, etc. Claims that most users' expectations are too low, so user input doesn't provide appropriate goals. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{jc95 ,AUTHOR = "Eric H. Johnson and Pauline A. Cochrane" ,TITLE = " A Hypertextual Interface for a Searcher's Thesaurus" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/johncoch/johncoch.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(34K + pictures) . Audience: Searchers, HCI people. References: 10. Links: 2. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes a MS Windows interface for searching using a thesaurus of related terms. Has 3 parts: a hierarchical organization of the terms, a "cloud" of related terms, and a keyword-in-context that tries to match what you type incrementally. The cloud and hierarchy are point and click, and the hierarchy can be expanded and collapsed ala MS Word outline mode. Also capable of handling multi-hierarchies, where a term has multiple roots. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{dh95 ,AUTHOR = "Hugh Davis and Jessie Hey" ,TITLE = " Automatic Extraction of Hypermedia Bundles from the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/davis/davis.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(34K + pictures) . Audience: Digitial library developers and users. References: 21. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Rather than just retrieving a list of "hits" for a query, the system can bundle them, generating hyperlinks on keywords, offer interactive query expansion or contraction. Suggests the addition of a "length" (in minu tes to comprehend) and a "reader level" field of meta-information. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kjsk95 ,AUTHOR = "Charles Kacmar and Dean Jue and David Stage and Christie Koontz " ,TITLE = " Automatic Creation and Maintenance of an Organizational Spatial Metadata and Document Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/kacmar/kacmar.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(37K + pictures). Audience: Librarians, computer scientists, slight govt/business slant. References: 1. Links: 25. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discusses a geographic information system for environmental data about Florida. Information is organized around "information zones" which are geographic territories. Prototype system in use. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{nf95 ,AUTHOR = "Douglas D. Nebert and James Fullton" ,TITLE = " Use of the ISite Z39.50 Software to Search and Retrieve Spatially- referenced Data" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/nebert/nebert.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(38K + pictures). Audience: Technical, Geographic Information Systems. References: 7. Links: 11. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discusses the problems of geographic data (tough to index using text keywords), and an approach based on using fields of a Z39.50 database corresponding to bounding rectangle coordinates. By simple comparisons, a document can be judged to be contained within, overlapping, or disjoint with a target area. Describes a prototype, and debates the merits of a server or client based approach to supporting geographic data. } } @MANUAL{ansi95 ,TITLE = "Information Retrieval: Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification" ,organization = "ANSI/NISO" ,note = "Available at http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency/document.html" ,month = "April" ,year = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency/document.html)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,status = "read" ,keywords = "z39.50" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{sgz+95 ,AUTHOR = "Shigeo Sugimoto and Seiki Gotou and Yanchun Zhao and Tetsuo Sakaguchi and Koichi Tabata" ,TITLE = " Enhancing Usability of Network-based Library Information System--- Experimental Studies on User Interface for OPAC and of a Collaboration Tool for Library Services" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/sugimoto/sugimoto.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (27K + pictures) . Audience: HCI people, computer scientists. References: 11. Links: 6. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes two systems: one, an on-line catalog that uses a bookshelf metaphor (actually displaying spines of books with their titles, height and width from bibliographic data) with ordering by Dewey decimal system. The second system is a collaborative one, between librarian and user Includes video linkage (at 2 frames/sec) and half-duplex audio. Also, a shared workspace where either person can control cursor, button clicks. Runs over Ethernet at 10Mbps. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{djs+95 ,AUTHOR = "Prasun Dewan and Kevin Jeffay and John Smith and David Stotts and William Oliver" ,TITLE = " Early Prototypes of the Repository for Patterned Injury Data" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/dewan/dewan.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (34K + pictures) . Audience: Medical forensics, computer scientists. References: 15. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Describes a system for collaboration among coroners. Focuses on issues of access rights--people in different roles (lead examiner, toxicologist, judge) see different views of the same data (some fields are read- prote cted). Initial prototype was under the ABC system of UNC, but new prototypes will be web-based. Also hope to incorporate tele-conferencing capabilities. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{spin95 ,AUTHOR = "Amanda Spink" ,TITLE = " Digital Libraries and Sustainable Development? In DL '95 Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/spink/spink.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (25K) . Audience: Social scientists. References: 50. Links: 1. Relevance: None. Abstract: Quote from paper: "Second, we need to consider whether we are encouraging and participating in the development of an unsustainable vision of a global information infrastructure and possibly contributing to a future crisis of human survival? Is the current imperative is toward global industrialization, the development of national and global information infrastructures, the "information society", digital libraries, and the technological development of LDCs sustainable? We need to consider the possible role of digital libraries within alternate futures for humanity? ... We need to understanding the informational dimensions, impacts and implications of sustainable development for digital libraries research. What are the implications for digital libraries if social change and movements diverge away from modernity? What is the relationship between digital libraries and the sustained development of global industrialization? Will our contribution to the solution of global problems through digital libraries evolve or disappear - if the neoclassical view proves unsustainable? What could be the role of digital libraries in down scaling industrial economies to a sustainable society within a basic needs approach?" } } @INPROCEEDINGS{lamb95 ,AUTHOR = "Roberta Lamb" ,TITLE = " Using Online Information Resources: Reaching for the *.*'s" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/lamb/lamb.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (54K) . Audience: Social scientists, HCI people, slight business slant. References: 39. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: A literature review of usage of on-line information resources, filling in blocks in the matrix where one axis is research outlook (includes rational, human relations, institutional, and postmodern) and the other axis is usability factors (includes HCI usability, content usability, organizational usability, interorganizational usability). Some of the reviewed studies involve situated users with tasks. Shows that online information is used much les s than predicted. . } } @INPROCEEDINGS{nfl+95 ,AUTHOR = " Peter J. Nuernberg and Richard Furuta and John J. Leggett and Catherine C. Marshall and Frank M. Shipman III" ,TITLE = " Digital Libraries: Issues and Architectures" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/nuernberg/nuernberg.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (33K + pictures) . Audience: Computer scientists, somewhat technical. References: 13. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Argues that digital libraries is an intersection of a number of different fields, with a distinct research agenda from any of them. Divides areas of study into Objects, Meta-objects, and processes, 3 categories whic h may exist for translations of traditional library things to digital library things, or for exclusively new digital library things. Describes a client/server architecture, and shows how it is instantiated for the problem of personali zing information display in a web-based environment. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sgm95 ,AUTHOR = "Narayanan Shivakumar and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina" ,TITLE = " SCAM: A Copy Detection Mechanism for Digital Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/shivakumar.ps)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: PostScript Version () . Audience: Computer scientists, information retrieval experts, technical. References: 26. Links: 0. Relevance: High. Abstract: Describes SCAM, a word-based registration mechanism for copy detection. Considers traditional IR similarity measures (cosine, vector) and shows how they're lacking for copy detection. Introduces a new measure, and contrasts to sentence-based COPS approach. Experimental results on comparison of Netnews articles. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ms95 ,AUTHOR = "Kazunori Muraki and Kenji Satoh" ,TITLE = " Penstation: Easy Access to Relevant Facts without Retrieving" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/muraki.ps)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: PostScript Document (). Audience: Digital library researchers, esp. HCI & natural language. References: 16. Links: 0. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Describes a work-group based document editing facility which provides for "episodic indexing", allowing search & retrieval based on editing events (such as previous cutting & pasting, searching, etc). Also notifies author when someone from the workgroup cites his work. Finally, there is a feature which does predictive searching. As you type, it does approximate parsing (in Japanese) and searches for information related to what you're typing. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ah95 ,AUTHOR = "Eytan Adar and Jeremy Hylton" ,TITLE = " On-the-fly Hyperlink Creation for Page Images" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/adar/adar.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document () . Audience: Digital library researchers. References: 9. Links: 0. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Store pages as bitmaps, and retrieve a cite when user clicks on it, by doing OCR, then passing relevant line to library catalog, as 12 queries of 3 words each (randomly selected from the line) and returning the best scoring results. Somewhat robust to typos in cites, but not too slow. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{pa95 ,AUTHOR = "Robert Pettengill and Guillermo Arango" ,TITLE = " Four Lessons Learned from Managing World Wide Web Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/pettengill/pettengill.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (23K + pictures). Audience: Web publishers, esp. corporate. References: 12. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Describes the application of software engineering techniques to web maintenance. Keeping separate development and production areas, using automated tools like UNIX's make to process, test and install new documents, and using a versioning control system like VCS to maintain a document history. Suggest a convention in URLs to specify the version number after a comma. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mw95 ,AUTHOR = "Verne E. McFarland and Steven Wyman" ,TITLE = " Public Access to EPA Superfund Records - A Digital Alternative" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/mcfarland/mcfarland.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (19K). Audience: Government, not too technical, except for system specs. References: 14 . Links: 4. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes the benefits of putting government records on CD-ROM. Lower storage costs, greater access, less risk of missing records. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ps95 ,AUTHOR = "Casey Palowitch and Darin Stewart" ,TITLE = " Automating the Structural Markup Process in the Conversion of Print Documents to Electronic Texts" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/palowitc/palowitc.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(20K) . Audience: Librarians, SGML translators. References: 12. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes a project for generating an SGML version of an 1849 medical text. Commercial OCR software that also gives geometric position, font size info is augmented with Perl to infer section boundaries. Yields a 40% reduction in human effort, 8% erroneous tags. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{flyn95 ,AUTHOR = "Kathleen M. Flynn" ,TITLE = " The Knowledge Manager as a Digital Librarian: An Overview of the Knowledge Management Pilot Program at the MITRE Corporation" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/flynn/flynn.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (10K) . Audience: Corporate librarians. References: 0. Links: 1. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Discusses the role of a Knowledge Manager (formerly corporate librarian. In particular, finding and organizing new networked information resources. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{vn95 ,AUTHOR = "Aravindan Veerasamy and Shamkant Navathe" ,TITLE = " Querying, Navigating, and Visualizing a Digital Library Catalog" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/veerasamy/veerasamy.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document() . Audience: HCI people. References: 4. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Describes a system similar to TexTiles. A bar graph for each search term (with the retrieved documents along the x-axis) indicating the importance of the term in the document are overlayed. This allows the user to see which documents have which words at a glance. Also handles thesaurus expansion and GUI query generation. Retrieval of related results (other papers from the proceedings or by the author). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{yrs95 ,AUTHOR = "Yuehong Yuan and Stephen Roehrig and Marvin Sirbu" ,TITLE = " Service Models, Operational Decisions and Architecture of Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://csdl.tamu.edu/DL95/papers/yuan.ps)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: PostScript Document (). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gray95 ,AUTHOR = "Robert Gray" ,TITLE = " Content-Based Image Retrieval: Color and Edges" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: Vision/graphics researchers. References: 15. Links: . Relevance: Low. Abstract: Technical description of implementation of two techniques to retrieve images based on color histograms and edge maps. Implemented and tested on a small (48 image) database. Results mixed at best. Weaknesses identif ied for future work. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ra95 ,AUTHOR = "Daniela Rus and James Allan" ,TITLE = " Structural Queries in Electronic Corpora" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line.. Audience: Information Retrieval, computer scientists. References: 22. Links: . Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Automatic construction of hyperlinks, based on structure of document (inferred from LaTeX source or PostScript image). So, for example, a query relating to a figure would link to definitions, theorems, and proofs re lated to the figure (automatically deduced), possibly over many documents. TexTile like interface, curved into a circle to allow intra-document links. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sp95 ,AUTHOR = "Klaus Sullow and Rainer Page" ,TITLE = " Hypermedia Browsing and the Online Publishing Process" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT ={Format: Not Yet Online. Audience: Web users, computer scientists. References: 13. Links: . Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Describes a browser (BWON) with proxy that caches pages locally, but also represents web structure graphically. Graph algorithm adds new nodes leaving old ones in current locations, possible to add filter to determ ine which nodes are added to the graph (filter based on URL. Paper also suggests allowing retrieval of HEAD information separately from full contents.) Can apply different (stronger) filters as you move farther from the focus node, r esulting in a "fish-eye" view. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bufo95 ,AUTHOR = "John Buford" ,TITLE = " Evaluation of a Query Language for Structured HyperMedia Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95. " ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: Technical. HyTime developers.. References: 17. Links: . Relevance: Low. Abstract: HyTime is an ISO standard for hypermedia time based documents. This paper discusses an implementation of a database and search engine operating in that language. Examples of queries, optimizations, etc. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{elo95 ,AUTHOR = "Sara Elo" ,TITLE = " Augmenting Text: Good News on Disasters" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/elo.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (30K + picture) . Audience: General . References: 12. Links: 3. Relevance: Medium. Abstract: News wire stories on disasters are annotated with facts that relate to the reader's local region. (eg, casualties are cast as a multiple of the hometown population). Readers from different locales see different aug mentations. Frames triggered by disaster keywords are filled in with relevant material, which is then "personalized". } } @INPROCEEDINGS{summ95 ,AUTHOR = "Kristen Summers" ,TITLE = " Logical Structure Types for Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/summers.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(41K + pictures) . Audience: Computer Scientists, . References: 26. Links: 4. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Attempts to automatically capture the structure of a document from bitmap/PostScript image. Uses geometric distinctions (contours & indentation), marking observables (font type and weight, bullets, rule-lines), linguistic observables (combinations of alphabetic and numeric characters), and contextual observables (presence of other blocks around the target block). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{alle95 ,AUTHOR = "Robert B. Allen" ,TITLE = " Two Digital Library Intefaces which Exploit Hierarchical Structure" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/allen.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(33K + pictures) . Audience: General Computer scientists, HCI . References: 22. Links: 1. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Uses metaphor of hierarchical Dewey Decimal system or faceted (implying a DAG) ACM literature categories to aid UI. Shows graphically where in the hierarchy hits were found for a search.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{will95 ,AUTHOR = "Joseph Willihnganz" ,TITLE = " Debating Mass Communication During the Rise and Fall of Broadcasting" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{lisl95 ,AUTHOR = "Curtis Lisle" ,TITLE = " Modeling for Interaction in Virtual Worlds" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95. " ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: computer scinetists, VR, DB, semi-technical. References: 13. Links: . Relevance: Low. Abstract: Argues that VR representations should no longer depend on data structures for efficient rendering, but structures that support efficient interactions with the virtual world. Namely, use an object oriented database. Having multiple participants in a VR experience is crucial, even if they're interacting at different pieces of the environment. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{will95b ,AUTHOR = "Matthew Williams" ,TITLE = " Direct Metaphor and User Interaction in the Electronic Libraries of the Future" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: General population, HCI people. References: 10. Relevance: High. Abstract: Focuses on a user's interaction with a digital library, arguing for a direct metaphor (books, tables & bookshelves, highlighters, note cards, post-its). Also states importance of information having multiple forms-- wh at appears as a magazine in one context might be note cards in another. Suggests having a "time-based memory of user interaction with the printed word" so that every time you reference something, a trail of your current research threa d is appended. Allows you to search for things like "the magazine article on whales I read last week." } } @INPROCEEDINGS{parb95 ,AUTHOR = "Ian Parberry" ,TITLE = " The Internet and the Aspiring Games Programer" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = 1995 ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: College instructors. References: 12. Abstract: Describes a game-programming course offered at U. of North Texas, and argues that it's a legitimate means to teach students a lot about computer science while providing them with a practical skill. Describes differe nt distribution models (shareware, freeware, nagware, etc). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{plan95 ,AUTHOR = "Harry Plantinga" ,TITLE = " Digital Libraries and Large Text Documents on the World Wide Web" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/plantinga.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (17K) . Audience: HTML publishers, Webmasters, Browser builders. References: 6 notes. Links: 8. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Considers the problem of reference materials done in HTTP. Most people want to access only a particular section, but the HTTP model requires transferring the whole document. Describes a "Pager" (CGI script) that fin ds the desired section and returns it as its own document. Could preprocess documents and index them, parse to ensure it's valid HTML. Closes with concrete suggestions for UI features to ease reading books over Web. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gree95b ,AUTHOR = "Adrienne GreenHeart" ,TITLE = " Making Multimedia Work for Women" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.apc.net/adrienne/eppr.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (7K) Audience: Women writers, readers. References: 6. (though not in on-line version) Links: 1. Abstract: Argues that the non-linear nature of multimedia fits better with the more cyclical nature of female life, and the non-linear way that many women authors write. The new medium offers women a chance to fight the patria rchy of tradition. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{pst95 ,AUTHOR = "Georgia Panagopoulou and Spiros Sirmakessis and Athanasios Tsakalidis" ,TITLE = " PH Model: A Persistent Approach to Versioning in Hypertext Systems" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: Hypertext users and developers. References: 20. Relevance: Medium-High. Abstract: Presents an approach for full persistence in hypertext systems. Not only are old versions kept around, but you can also start modifications from any version. Works by keeping information about each link-- the version number it was associated with, whether it's been updated, access rights, whether it's part of an aggregation. There is also a version tree which shows which versions result from modifications from other versions. Then, based on the version you're starting with and the preorder traversal of the version tree, the system determines which links are "current" for you. Some of the analysis (eg, O(1) worst case per access step) seem suspect (it seems like you need to t raverse the version tree), but interesting ideas. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mart95 ,AUTHOR = "David Martland" ,TITLE = " Developing and Using Documentation Tools for Setext" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: Authors. References: 14. Relevance: Low-Medium. Abstract: Describes an alternative markup language called Setext. Simpler than HTML and LaTeX, it relies on special formatting characters like ~ to indicate ~italics~, directives (which allow specifying destinations of links) , and positions of formatting (eg, character in position 1). LaTeX and HTML may be automatically generated from Setext, and plain Setext is more readable than either for plain ASCII. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{rby95 ,AUTHOR = "J. Redi and Y. Bar-Yam" ,TITLE = " InterJournal: A Distributed Refereed Electronic Journal" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/redi.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(30K) . Audience: Journal authors, referees, readers, and editors. References: 1. Links: 5. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Describes an implemented system for on-line journal publication. Based on WWW and forms, the system calls for each author to maintain his own articles, while there is a centralized index for searching. Referee proc ess is conducted on-line, and there is an option for public abstract as well. Checksum is generated at submission to ensure the article hasn't been changed. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ms95b ,AUTHOR = "Hermann Maurer and Klaus Schmaranz" ,TITLE = " J.UCS and Extensions as Paradigm for Electronic Publishing" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: Journal authors, referees, readers and editors. References: 9. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: Describes an implemented system for on-line journal publication. Based primarily on Hyper-G, a web browser with support for access control and a separate link database, rather than having links in the text (thereby allowing links on PostScript). Journal is replicated on servers world-wide. All articles are refereed, may only be changed by adding refereed annotations. Supports both hypertext and PostScript formats. Uses ACM computing reviews k eywords. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{pj95 ,AUTHOR = "Ian Parberry and David S. Johnson" ,TITLE = " The SIGACT Theoretical Computer Science Genealogy: Preliminary Report" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: Computer Science Theoreticians, trivia buffs. References: 6. Abstract: A web-based application which shows the advisor-student relations among the theoretical CS community. Also allows indexing by letter, university, and country. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bond95 ,AUTHOR = "Leslie Bondaryk" ,TITLE = " Calculus Modules OnLine: An Internet Multimedia Application" ,BOOKTITLE = "DAGS'95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/bondaryk.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(21K + pictures) Audience: Calculus Instructors. References: 13. Links: 16. Abstract: Discusses an architecture for a system that aids in the teaching of calculus. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ssn95 ,AUTHOR = "Stephan M. Spencer and Jean-Yves Sgro and Max L. Nibert" ,TITLE = "Electronic Publishing of Virus Structures in Novel, Multimedia Formats on the World Wide Web" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/viruspaper.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (10K + pictures) . Audience: Molecular virologists. References: 13. Links: 7. Abstract: Describes the advantages of using color and animation to display complex molecules like viruses. Talks about system at U. of Wisconsin- Madison. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{nodi95 ,AUTHOR = "Mark H. Nodine" ,TITLE = " Language Learning via the World Wide Web" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/nodine.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (29K + pictures). Audience: People interested in learning Welsh, serving a multimedia course. References: 8. Links: 9. Abstract: Describes a web-based self-paced Welsh language course. Lessons written in setext, mailed in ASCII or converted to HTML. Conversion process automated to add index, etc using Perl scripts. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gmw95 ,AUTHOR = "Oliver Gunther and Rudolf Muller and Andreas S. Wiegand" ,TITLE = " The Design of MMM: A Model ManageMent System for Time Series Analysis" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/mmm.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document(46K + pictures) . Audience: Mathematicians, economists, statisticians, computer scientists. References: 37. Links: 13. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Proposes a web-based repository for software implementing time series analysis methods. Such a system would facilitate collaboration, verification of results, and would help build an experience base of which models worked well under which circumstances. Briefly describes the architecture, which requires method implementors to specify the methods in terms of Ypsilon (an abstract class system) classes. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gp95 ,AUTHOR = "Chetan Gopal and Roger Price" ,TITLE = " Multimedia Information Delivery and the MHEG Standard" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: Multimedia standards setters, developers - technical. References: 11. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes the MHEG standard being developed for multimedia objects and applications. Designed to deliver real-time interchange of multimedia objects over wide area networks.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{seco95 ,AUTHOR = "Glen M. Secor" ,TITLE = " Legal Aspects of Electronic Publishing: Look Both Ways Before Crossing This Street" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: Not Yet On-line. Audience: Publishers and authors. References: 9. Relevance: Low. Abstract: An attorney's point of view on the problems of electronic rights for published works. Problems include: Moral rights (much easier for a work to be incorporated into something else in a way the author doesn't like); duration of rights and what rights are granted--publishers have typically asked for rights in "all media hereinafter discovered", something authors are wary of giving away, esp. when many publishers aren't really in the position to exp loit electronic rights. How are royalties granted in the electronic age? Should they be higher because costs are lower, or lower because of new costs of transferring work? Should the publisher have the right to sublicense? Bottom l ine: it's a very unclear area. Forethought can help, as well as an understanding of other parties' positions. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{eric95 ,AUTHOR = "John S. Erickson" ,TITLE = " A Copyright Management System for Networked Interactive Multimedia" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://picard.dartmouth.edu/~oly/DAGS95.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (13K + pictures) . Audience: Multimedia developers, computer scientists. References: 8. Links: 1. Relevance: Medium-Low. Abstract: Describes a rights management system for multimedia objects called LicensIt. Wrapper around object includes information about author, rights required, and digital signature to verify authenticity. Viewing objects i s through special LicensIt viewers or through commercial applications with LicenseIt plug-ins. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{cc95 ,AUTHOR = "Yee-Hsiang Chang and Ellis Chi" ,TITLE = " HTGraph: A New Method for Information Access Over the World Wide Web" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~samr/DAGS95/Papers/chang.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (27K + pictures). Audience: Web surfers and computer scientists. References: 11. Links: 0. Relevance: Low. Abstract: Describes a browser which prefetches pages, and builds a graph showing the relationships of those pages, allows you to jump down in the hierarchy. User specified cutoff for how many nodes should be expanded. No atte mpt to automatically cluster. Describes naive data structures to implement a breadth first search of the space. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ns95 ,AUTHOR = "Raja Neogi and Arindam Saha" ,TITLE = " High Performance IDCT-Based Video Decompression Algorithm and Architecture" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,ABSTRACT = { Not Yet On-line. Nor in proceedings. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{cruz95 ,AUTHOR = "Isabel Cruz" ,TITLE = ". Effective Abstractions in Multimedia" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~isabel/dagsannounce.ps), (author:www:http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~isabel)" ,ABSTRACT= {Format: PostScript () . } } @INPROCEEDINGS{henn95 ,AUTHOR = "Albert Henning" ,TITLE = "Dynamic Authoring and Retrieval of Textbook Information: Dartext" ,BOOKTITLE = " DAGS '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://hypatia.dartmouth.edu/henning/papers/DAGS95/DAGS95.html)" ,ABSTRACT = {Format: HTML Document (34K + pictures) . Audience: Instructors, students, textbook authors and publishers. References: 15. Links: 6. Relevance: Low-medium. Abstract: A very broad but shallow description of the textbook production business. Argues for a distributed author model, but with publishers that still piece together textbooks from the contributions of instructors, students , etc. CD-ROM versions in addition to on-line. Authors paid according to their contribution. Briefly mentions administration, intellectual property issues. Longer example of physics/engineering systems demo. } } @ARTICLE{vbos96 ,AUTHOR = "Nancy A. Van House and Mark H. Butler and Virginia Ogle and Lisa Schiff" ,TITLE = "User-Centered Iterative Design for Digital Libraries: The Cypress Experience" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february96/02vanhouse.html)" ,month = "Feb" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{urn96 ,AUTHOR = "The URN Implementors" ,TITLE = "Uniform Resource Names: A Progress Report" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february96/02arms.html)" ,month = "Feb" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{snfy96 ,AUTHOR = "J. Sairamesh and C. Nikolaou and D. Ferguson and Y. Yemini" ,TITLE = "Economic Framework for Pricing and Charging in Digital Libraries" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february96/forth/02sairamesh.html)" ,month = "Feb" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{conw96 ,AUTHOR = "Paul Conway" ,TITLE = "Yale University Library's Project Open Book: Preliminary Research Findings" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february96/yale/02conway.html)" ,month = "Feb" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{kj96 ,AUTHOR = "Judson Knott and Paul Jones" ,TITLE = "SunSITE: Serving Your Internet Needs Since 1992" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february96/02knott.html)" ,month = "Feb" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{tenn96 ,AUTHOR = "Roy Tennant" ,TITLE = "The Berkeley Digital Library SunSITE" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february96/ucb/02tennant.html)" ,month = "Feb" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{hujs96 ,AUTHOR = "Jonathan T. Hujsak" ,TITLE = "Digital Libraries and Corporate Technology Reuse" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january96/01hujsak.html)" ,month = "Jan" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{mcgr96 ,AUTHOR = "Robert E. McGrath" ,TITLE = "Caching for Large Scale Systems: Lessons from the WWW" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january96/ncsa/01mcgrath.html)" ,month = "Jan" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{lago96 ,AUTHOR = "Carl Lagoze" ,TITLE = "A Secure Repository Design for Digital Libraries" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december95/12lagoze.html)" ,month = "Dec" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{kess96 ,AUTHOR = "Jack Kessler" ,TITLE = "The French Minitel: Is There Digital Life Outside of the US ASCII Internet? A Challenge or Convergence? " ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december95/12kessler.html)" ,month = "Dec" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{ches95 ,AUTHOR = "David Chesnutt" ,TITLE = "The Model Editions Partnership: Historical Editions in the Digital Age" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november95/11chesnutt.html)" ,month = "Nov" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{crof95 ,AUTHOR = "W. Bruce Croft" ,TITLE = "What Do People Want from Information Retrieval? (The Top 10 Research Issues for Companies that Use and Sell IR Systems)" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november95/11croft.html)" ,month = "Nov" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{bish95 ,AUTHOR = "Ann Peterson Bishop" ,TITLE = "Working Towards an Understanding of Digital Library Use: A Report on the User Research Efforts of the NSF/ARPA/NASA DLI Projects" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october95/10bishop.html)" ,month = "October" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{acke95 ,AUTHOR = "Michael J. Ackerman" ,TITLE = "Accessing the Visible Human Project" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october95/10ackerman.html)" ,month = "October" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(11K). Audience: Medical professionals,. References: 1. Links: 5. Relevance: None. Abstract: Describes the Visible Human Project (1 mm cross sections of two cadavers), how to obtain the images, how large they are, what IP agreements need to be signed.} } @ARTICLE{lyon95 ,AUTHOR = "Patrice A. Lyons" ,TITLE = "Access to Digital Objects: A Communications Law Strategy" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october95/10lyons.html)" ,month = "Oct" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{hwc95 ,AUTHOR = "Alexander G. Hauptmann and Michael J. Witbrock and Michael G. Christel" ,TITLE = "News-on-Demand: An Application of Informedia Technology" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september95/nod/09hauptmann1.html)" ,month = {Sep} ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{bdgr95 ,AUTHOR = "Shirley Browne and Jack Dongarra and Eric Grosse and Tom Rowan" ,TITLE = "The Netlib Mathematical Software Repository" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september95/netlib/09browne.html)" ,month = {Sep} ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{garr95 ,AUTHOR = "John R. Garrett" ,TITLE = "Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september95/09garrett.html)" ,month = {Sep} ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{davi95 ,AUTHOR = "James R. Davis" ,TITLE = "Creating a Networked Computer Science Technical Report Library" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september95/09davis.html)" ,month = {Sep} ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{manj95 ,AUTHOR = "B.S. Manjunath" ,TITLE = "Image Browsing in the Alexandria Digital Library (ADL) Project" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/august95/alexandria/08manjunath.html)" ,month = {Sep} ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{rand95 ,AUTHOR = "Roberta Y. Rand" ,TITLE = "The Global Change Data and Information System-Assisted Search for Knowledge (GC-ASK) Project" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/august95/08rand.html)" ,month = "Aug" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{lb95 ,AUTHOR = "Richard E. Lucier and Peter Brantley" ,TITLE = "The Red Sage Project: An Experimental Digital Journal Library for the Health Sciences, A Descriptive Overview" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/august95/lucier/08lucier.html)" ,month = "Aug" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{weib95 ,AUTHOR = "Stuart Weibel" ,TITLE = "Metadata: the foundations of resource description" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07weibel.html)" ,month = "Jul" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{birm95 ,AUTHOR = "William P. Birmingham" ,TITLE = "An agent-based architecture for digital libraries" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07birmingham.html)" ,month = Jul ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(). } } @ARTICLE{arms95 ,AUTHOR = "William Y. Arms" ,TITLE = "Key concepts in the architecture of the digital library" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07arms.html)" ,month = "Jul" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: HTML Document(18K + pictures). Audience: computer scientists, digital library researchers. References: 1. Links: 3. Relevance: Medium-low. Abstract: Outlines 8 principles that are important to DLs, a combination of social/economic issues (avoid using words like ``copy'' and ``publish'') and technical ones (basically a sales pitch for the Kahn/Wilensky model of handles, maintenance, and access control.)} } @INPROCEEDINGS{wly+95 ,AUTHOR = "W. Wolf and B. Liu and M. Yeung and B. Yeo and D. Markham" ,TITLE = "Video as Scholarly Material in the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. Links: . References: . Relevance: . Abstract: .} } @INPROCEEDINGS{swb95 ,AUTHOR = "M. A. Shepherd and C.R. Watters and F.J. Burkowski" ,TITLE = "Digital Libraries for Electronic News" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{tpf+95 ,AUTHOR = "J. Thomas and K. Pennock and T. Fiegel and J. Wise and M. Pottier and A. Schur and D. Lantrip and V. Crow" ,TITLE = "The Visual Analysis of Textual Information: Browsing Large Document Sets" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ds95 ,AUTHOR = "B. C. Dasai and S. Swiercz" ,TITLE = "WebJounal: Visualization of a Web Journey" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{nr95 ,AUTHOR = "A. Nica and E. A. Rundensteiner" ,TITLE = "Uniform Structured Document Handling Using a Constraint-based Object Approach" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bsdg95 ,AUTHOR = " R. Boisvert and S. Browne and J. Dongarra and E. Grosse" ,TITLE = "Digital Software and Data Repositories for Support of Scientific Computing" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{wkvb95 ,AUTHOR = "S. Wiesener and W. Kowarschick and P. Vogel and R. Bayer" ,TITLE = "Semantic Hypermedia Retrieval in Digital Libraries " ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gln95 ,AUTHOR = "Y. J. Gao and J.J. Lim and A.D. Narasimhalu " ,TITLE = "Fuzzy Multilinkage Thesaurus Builder in Multimedia Information Systems" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mg95 ,AUTHOR = "A. Myka and U. Guntzer " ,TITLE = "Fuzzy Full-Text Searches in OCR Databases" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mb95 ,AUTHOR = "S. Milliner and A. Bouguettaya" ,TITLE = "Data Discovery in Large Scale Heterogeneous and Autonomous Databases" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{rhs+95 ,AUTHOR = "M. E. Rorvig and M. W. Hutchison and R. O. Shelton and S. L. Smith and M. E. Yazbeck " ,TITLE = "An Intelligent Agent for the K-12 Educational Community" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://flash.jsc.nasa.gov/smf/KnowledgeRobot.html)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{alle95b ,AUTHOR = "R. B. Allen" ,TITLE = "Interface Issues for Interactive Multimedia Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gershon95 ,AUTHOR = "N. Gershon and W. Ruh and J. LeVasseur and J. Winstead and A. Kleiboemer" ,TITLE = "Searching and Discovery of Resources in Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{cdd+95 ,AUTHOR = "D.Choy and R. Dievendorff and C. Dwork and J. B. Lotspiech and R. T. Morris and L. C. Anderson and A. E. Bell and S. K. Boyer and T. D. Griffin and B. A. Hoenig and J. M. McCrossin and A. M. Miller and N. J. Pass and F. P estoni and D. S. Picciano " ,TITLE = "The Almaden Distributed Digital Library System" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fab+95 ,AUTHOR = "J. Frew and M. Aurand and B. Buttenfield and L. Carver and P. Chang and R. Ellis and C. Fischer and M. Gardner and M. Goodchild and G. Hajic and M. Larsgaard and K. Park and M. Probert and T. Smith and Q. Zheng" ,TITLE = "The Alexandria Rapid Prototype: Building A Digital Library for Spatial Information" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{zhao95 ,AUTHOR = "D. Zhao" ,TITLE = "The ELINOR Electronic Library" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:http://ford.mk.dmu.ac.uk/)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{dkl95 ,AUTHOR = "J. Davis and D. Krafft and C. Lagoze" ,TITLE = "Dienst: Building a Production Technical Report Server" ,BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Digital Libraries '95" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not Yet Online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ak95 ,AUTHOR = "Jose-Luis Ambite and Craig A. Knoblock" ,TITLE = "Reconciling Distributed Information Sources" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(author:www:http://www.isi.edu/sims/knoblock/homepage.html), (title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/ambite.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{afjm95a ,AUTHOR = "Robert Armstrong and Dayne Freitag and Thorsten Joachims and Tom Mitchell" ,TITLE = "WebWatcher: A Learning Apprentice for the World Wide Web" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/mitchell.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bdmw95 ,AUTHOR = "William P. Birmingham and Edmund H. Durfee and Tracy Mullen and Michael P. Wellman" ,TITLE = "The Distributed Agent Architecture of the University of Michigan Digital Library (Extended Abstract)" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/wellman.ps.Z), (author:www:http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/kdkd/home.html)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bh95 ,AUTHOR = "Robin Burke and Kristian J. Hammond" ,TITLE = "Combining Databases and Knowledge Bases for Assisted Browsing" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/burke.ps.Z), (author:www:http://cs-www.uchicago.edu/~burke/)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bf95 ,AUTHOR = "Sasa Buvac and Richard Fikes" ,TITLE = "A Declarative Formalization of Knowledge Translation" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/buvac.ps.Z), (author:www:http://sail.stanford.edu/buvac)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{de95 ,AUTHOR = "Winton H. E. Davies and Pete Edwards" ,TITLE = "Agent-Based Knowledge Discovery" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/davies.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~pedwards/pedwards.html)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{dj95 ,AUTHOR = "Robert Demolombe and Andrew Jones" ,TITLE = "A Common Logical Framework to Retrieve Information and Meta Information" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/demolombe.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ellm95 ,AUTHOR = "Thomas Ellman" ,TITLE = "Approximation and Abstraction Techniques for Generating Concise Answers to Database Queries" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/ellman.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fdfp95 ,AUTHOR = "Adam Farquhar and Angela Dappert and Richard Fikes and Wanda Pratt" ,TITLE = "Integrating Information Sources Using Context Logic" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/farquhar.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/axf)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fefp95 ,AUTHOR = "Richard Fikes and Robert Engelmore and Adam Farquhar and Wanda Pratt" ,TITLE = "Network-Based Information Brokers" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/fikes.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/bio/fikes.html)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fone95 ,AUTHOR = "Leonard N. Foner" ,TITLE = "Clustering and Information Sharing in an Ecology of Cooperating Agents" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/foner.ps.Z), (author:www:http://foner.www.media.mit.edu/people/foner)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gmh+95 ,AUTHOR = "H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina and Joachim Hammer and Kelly Ireland and Yannis Papakonstantinou and Jeffrey Ullman and Jennifer Widom" ,TITLE = "Integrating and Accessing Heterogeneous Information Sources in {TSIMMIS}" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/hammer.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{hall95 ,AUTHOR = "Robert J. Hall" ,TITLE = "Agents Helping Agents: Issues in Sharing How-to Knowledge" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/hall.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{hbml95 ,AUTHOR = "Kristian Hammond and Robin Burke and Charles Martin and Steven Lytinen" ,TITLE = "FAQ Finder: A Case-Based Approach to Knowledge Navigation" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/hammond.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kms95 ,AUTHOR = "Henry Kautz and Al Milewski and Bart Selman" ,TITLE = "Agent Amplified Communication" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/kautz.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). Audience: AI researchers, sociologists. References: .12 Links: . Relevance: Low. Abstract: Many information requests cannot be answered via on-line resources, but must be answered by a human expert. Finding the right person is hard, and usually works by contacting a friend or friend of a friend. This system is designed to automatically generate chains of referrals--each user encodes areas of expertise, and lists colleagues who may be questioned. The system records all mail, incoming & outgoing, and uses that to determine area of expertise of communicators, storing an inverted index of the mail. Then when a question comes up, the system automatically selects relevant people, and sends queries. Their agents intercept, and either route to user, send other referrals, or delete. Simulation results show number of steps to answer for random graphs based on accuracy and responsiveness of referrals.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{hs95 ,AUTHOR = "Scott B. Huffman and David Steier" ,TITLE = "Heuristic Joins to Integrate Structured Heterogeneous Data" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/huffman.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{klss95 ,AUTHOR = "Thomas Kirk and Alon Y. Levy and Yehoshua Sagiv and Divesh Srivastava" ,TITLE = "The Information Manifold" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/kirk.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www.research.att.com/orgs/ssr/people/levy/)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{knob95 ,AUTHOR = "Craig A. Knoblock" ,TITLE = "Integrating Planning and Execution for Information Gathering" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/knoblock.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www.isi.edu/sims/knoblock/homepage.html)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kl95 ,AUTHOR = "Craig A. Knoblock and Alon Y. Levy" ,TITLE = "Exploiting Run-Time Information for Efficient Processing of Queries" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/levy.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www.isi.edu/sims/knoblock/homepage.html)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{krul95 ,AUTHOR = "Bruce Krulwich" ,TITLE = "Learning User Interests Across Heterogeneous Document Databases" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/krulwich.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kh95 ,AUTHOR = "Daniel Kuokka and Larry Harada" ,TITLE = "Supporting Information Retrieval via Matchmaking" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/kuokka.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{li95 ,AUTHOR = "Wen-Syan Li" ,TITLE = "Knowledge Gathering and Matching in Heterogeneous Databases" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/li.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/~acura/plan.html)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mlf95 ,AUTHOR = "James Mayfield and Yannis Labrou and Tim Finin" ,TITLE = "Desiderata for Agent Communication Languages" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/mayfield.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~mayfield)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mbw95 ,AUTHOR = "Filippo Menczer and Richard K. Belew and Wolfram Willuhn" ,TITLE = "Artificial Life Applied to Adaptive Information Agents" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/menczer.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/fil/)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @ARTICLE{nard96 ,AUTHOR = "Bonnie A. Nardi and Vicki L. O'Day" ,TITLE = "Intelligent agents: What we learned in the library" ,JOURNAL = "Libri" ,YEAR = "1996" ,volume = "46" ,number = "2" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{opld95 ,AUTHOR = "Tim Oates and M.V. Nagendra Prasad and Victor R. Lesser and Keith Decker" ,TITLE = "A Distributed Problem Solving Approach to Cooperative Information Gathering" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/oates.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ordi95 ,AUTHOR = "Joann J. Ordille" ,TITLE = "Information Gathering and Distribution in Nomenclator" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/ordille.ps.Z), (author:www:ftp://netlib.att.com/netlib/att/cs/home/ordille.html.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{pe95 ,AUTHOR = "Mike Perkowitz and Oren Etzioni" ,TITLE = "Category Translation: Learning to Understand Information on the Internet" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/perkowitz.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/map)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{stei95 ,AUTHOR = "David Steier" ,TITLE = "Comparable Datasets in Performance Benchmarking" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/steier.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sv95 ,AUTHOR = "Peter Stone and Manuela Veloso" ,TITLE = "User-Guided Interleaving of Planning and Execution" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/stone.ps.Z), (author:www:http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/Web/People/pstone/pstone- home.html)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sz95 ,AUTHOR = "Katia Sycara and Dajun Zeng" ,TITLE = "Task-based Multi-agent Coordination for Information Gathering" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/zeng.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{tin95 ,AUTHOR = "Hideaki Takeda and Kenji Iino and Toyoaki Nishida" ,TITLE = "Ontology-supported Agent Communication" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/takeda.ps.Z)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{zilb95 ,AUTHOR = "Shlomo Zilberstein" ,TITLE = "An Anytime Computation Approach to Information Gathering" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://venera.isi.edu/sims/sss95/shlomo.ps.Z), (author:www:http://anytime.cs.umass.edu/~shlomo/)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Compressed PostScript(). } } @INPROCEEDINGS{cran96 ,AUTHOR = "Gregory Crane" ,TITLE = "Building a Digital Library: The Perseus Project as a Case Study in the Humanities" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{msw+96 ,AUTHOR = "Rodger J. McNab and Lloyd A. Smith and Ian H. Witten and Clare L. Henderson and Sally Jo Cunningham" ,TITLE = "Towards the Digital Music Library: Tune Retrieval from Acoustic Input" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{lggp96 ,AUTHOR = "Wei Li and Susan Gauch and John Gauch and Kok Meng Pua" ,TITLE = "VISION: A Digital Video Library" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bdhk96 ,AUTHOR = "Allen Brewer and Wei Ding and Karla Hahn and Anita Komlodi" ,TITLE = "The Role of Intermediary Services in Emerging Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ls96 ,AUTHOR = "Gregory H. Leazer and Richard P. Smiraglia" ,TITLE = "Toward the Bibliographic Control of Works: Derivative Bibliographic Relationships in an Online Union Catalog" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{lin96 ,AUTHOR = "Xia Lin" ,TITLE = "Graphical Table of Contents" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{pz96 ,AUTHOR = "Nikos Pediotakis and Mountaz Zizi" ,TITLE = "Visual Relevance Analysis" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{smf+96 ,AUTHOR = "Tetsuo Sakaguchi and Akira Maeda and Takehisa Fujita and Shigeo Sugimoto and Koichi Tabata" ,TITLE = "A Browsing Tool of Multi-lingual Documents for Users without Multi-lingual Fonts" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bras96 ,AUTHOR = "Jack Brassil" ,TITLE = "SEPTEMBER - Secure Electronic Publishing Trial" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{dhyg96 ,AUTHOR = "Raymond J. D'Amore and Daniel J. Helm and Puck-Fai Yan and Stephen A. Glanowski" ,TITLE = "MITRE Information Discovery System" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{davi96 ,AUTHOR = "James R. Davis" ,TITLE = "Creating a Networked Computer Science Technical Report Library" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gm96 ,AUTHOR = "Geri Gay and June P. Mead" ,TITLE = "The Common Ground Surrounding Access: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{gior96 ,AUTHOR = "Richard Giordano" ,TITLE = "Digital Libraries and Impacts on Scientific Careers" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ksc96 ,AUTHOR = "Hyunki Kim and Hakgene Shin and Jaewoo Chang" ,TITLE = "An Object-Oriented Hypermedia System for Structured Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mp96 ,AUTHOR = "William E. Moen and John Perkins " ,TITLE = "The Cultural Heritage Information Online Project: Demonstrating Access to Distributed Cultural Heritage Museum Information " ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{pc96 ,AUTHOR = "Varna Puvvada and Roy H. Campbell" ,TITLE = "Inverse Mapping in the Handle Management System" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{rcf96 ,AUTHOR = "Roberta Y. Rand and Betty Coyle-Friedman" ,TITLE = "GC-ASK: A Prototype Information Discovery Project for the Global Change Data and Information System" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{reye96 ,AUTHOR = "Joan A. Reyes" ,TITLE = "The Electronic Reserve System at Penn State University" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{rkbh96 ,AUTHOR = "Ruth A. Ross and Lois F. Kelso and Gary R. Broughton and Edward J. Hopkins" ,TITLE = "Providing Multiple Levels of Difficulty in EarthLab's Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{syfn96 ,AUTHOR = "J. Sairamesh and Y. Yemini and D. F. Ferguson and C. Nikolaou" ,TITLE = "A Framework for Pricing Services in Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{scho96 ,AUTHOR = "Werner Schoggl" ,TITLE = "Establishing Computer-Based Information Services in the School Library" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{bess96 ,AUTHOR = "Howard Besser" ,TITLE = "MESL Project Description" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{nsp96 ,AUTHOR = "Chris North and Ben Shneiderman and Catherine Plaisant" ,TITLE = "User Controlled Overviews of an Image Library: A Case Study of the Visible Human" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ok96 ,AUTHOR = "Jason Orendorf and Charles Kacmar" ,TITLE = "A Spatial Approach to Organizing and Locating Digital Libraries and Their Content" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{lyyb96 ,AUTHOR = "Yong Kyu Lee and Seong-Joon Yoo and Kyoungro Yoon and P. Bruce Berra " ,TITLE = "Index Structures for Structured Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{pw96 ,AUTHOR = "Thomas A. Phelps and Robert Wilensky" ,TITLE = "Toward Active, Extensible, Networked Documents: Multivalent Architecture and Applications" ,BOOKTITLE = dl96 ,YEAR = "1996" ,address = "Bethesda, Maryland" ,pages = "100--108" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{fmsl96 ,AUTHOR = "Richard Furuta and Catherine C. Marshall and Frank M. Shipman III and John J. Leggett" ,TITLE = "Physical Objects in the Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{spcm96 ,AUTHOR = "Tomek Strzalkowski and Jose Perez-Carballo and Mihnea Marinescu" ,TITLE = "Natural Language Information Retrieval In Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sjcc96 ,AUTHOR = "Bruce R. Schatz and Eric H. Johnson and Pauline A. Cochrane and Hsinchun Chen" ,TITLE = "Interactive Term Suggestion for Users of Digital Libraries: Using Subject Thesauri and Co-occurrence Lists for Information Retrieval" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{murp96 ,AUTHOR = "Lisa D. Murphy" ,TITLE = "Information Product Evaluation as Asynchronous Communication in Context: A Model for Organizational Research" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ks96 ,AUTHOR = "Robert B. Kellogg and Madhan Subhas" ,TITLE = "Text to Hypertext: Can Clustering Solve the Problem in Digital Libraries?" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mhrc96 ,AUTHOR = "R. Manmatha and Chengfeng Han and E. M. Riseman and W. B. Croft" ,TITLE = "Indexing Handwriting Using Word Matching" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sgm96 ,AUTHOR = "Narayanan Shivakumar and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina" ,TITLE = "Building a Scalable and Accurate Copy Detection Mechanism" ,BOOKTITLE = dl96 ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-51)" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: pdf, ps} } @INPROCEEDINGS{beck96 ,AUTHOR = "Herb Becker" ,TITLE = "The Role of the Library of Congress in the National Digital Library" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{thom96 ,AUTHOR = "Richard E. Thompson" ,TITLE = "Agricultural Network Information Center (AgNIC): A Model for Access to Distributed Resources" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{mccr96 ,AUTHOR = "Alexa T. McCray" ,TITLE = "Knowledge-Based Biomedical Information Retrieval" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of DL'96" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Steven Ketchpel" ,abstract = {Format: Not yet online. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{sigmodgloss, AUTHOR="Gravano, Luis and Garc\'{\i}a-Molina, H\'ector and Tomasic, Anthony", TITLE="The effectiveness of {{\em GlOSS}} for the text-database discovery problem", YEAR="1994", MONTH= May, BOOKTITLE=sigmod94, ENTERED-BY = "Luis Gravano", LINKS = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1994-34)", ABSTRACT = {The popularity of on-line document databases has led to a new problem: finding which text databases (out or many candidate choices) are the most relevant to a user. Identifying the relevant databases for a given query is the text database discovery problem. The first part of this paper presents a practical solution based on estimating the result size of a query and a database. The method is termed GLOSS-Glossary of Servers Server. The second part of this paper evaluates the effectiveness of GLOSS based on a trace of real user queries. In addition, we analyze the storage cost of our approach.} } @ARTICLE{paep96b ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Searching is Not Enough: {What} We Learned On-Site" ,JOURNAL = "{D-Lib} Magazine" ,YEAR = "1996" ,MONTH = "May" ,entered-by = "Michelle Baldonado" ,abstract = {~} ,links = "(title:www:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may96/stanford/05paepcke.html)" } @ARTICLE{paep96c ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Information Needs in Technical Work Settings and their Implications for the Design of Computer Tools" ,JOURNAL = "Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing" ,YEAR = "1996" ,volume = "5" ,entered-by = "Michelle Baldonado" ,pages = "63--92" ,abstract = {~} ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-80)" } @INPROCEEDINGS{cous96b ,AUTHOR = "Steve B. Cousins" ,TITLE = "A task-oriented interface to a digital library" ,BOOKTITLE = "CHI 96 Conference Companion" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Michelle Baldonado" ,pages = "103--104" ,abstract = {~} ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1995-60)" } @ARTICLE{bc96 ,AUTHOR = "Michelle Q Wang Baldonado and Steve B. Cousins" ,TITLE = "Addressing heterogeneity in the networked information environment" ,JOURNAL = "New Review of Information Networking" ,VOLUME = "2" ,YEAR = "1996" ,PAGES = "83--102" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-82)" ,entered-by = "Michelle Baldonado" ,abstract = {Several ongoing Stanford University Digital Library projects address the issue of heterogeneity in networked information environments. A networked information environment has the following components: users, information repositories, information services, and payment mechanisms. This paper describes three of the heterogeneity-focused Stanford projects-InfoBus, REACH, and DLITE. The InfoBus project is at the protocol level, while the REACH and DLITE projects are both at the conceptual model level. The InfoBus project provides the infrastructure necessary for accessing heterogeneous services and utilizing heterogeneous payment mechanisms. The REACH project sets forth a uniform conceptual model for finding information in networked information repositories. The DLITE project presents a general task-based strategy for building user interfaces to heterogeneous networked information services. } } @Misc{corba, author = {{Object Management Group}}, title = {{The Common Object Request Broker}: Architecture and Specification}, howpublished = {Accessible at {\tt ftp://\-omg.org/\-pub/\-CORBA}}, year = 1993, month = {Dec}, entered-by = "Michelle Baldonado", links = "(title:www:ftp://omg.org/pub/CORBA)" } @TECHREPORT{starts ,AUTHOR = "Luis Gravano and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "{STARTS}: {S}tanford protocol proposal for {I}nternet retrieval and search" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = 1996 ,MONTH = Aug ,NUMBER = "SIDL-WP-1996-0043; 1997-68" ,LINKS = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-68)" ,NOTE = "Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-68" ,ENTERED-BY = "Luis Gravano" } @MISC{USMARC ,title = "{USMARC} Format for Bibliographic Data: Including Guidelines for Content Designation" ,year = "1994" ,INSTITUTION = "Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress" ,address = "Washington, D.C." ,entered-by = "Michelle Baldonado" ,abstract = {DON'T USE ANY MORE. USE USMARC1 instead.} } @MISC{USMARC1 ,title = "USMARC Concise Formats" ,year = "1998" ,howpublished = "Cataloging Distribution Service" ,address = "Library of Congress, Washington D.C." ,note = "Order at http://lcweb.loc.gov/cds/marcdoc.html" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "USMARC, metadata, cataloging" ,abstract = {Latest USMARC reference} } @MISC{GILS ,title = "{Government Information Locator Service (GILS)}" ,year = "1998" ,entered-by = "Michelle Baldonado" ,abstract = {~} ,links="(title:www:http://www.gils.net/index.html)" ,note = "Accessible at {\tt http://www.gils.net/index.html}" } @MISC{geo1 ,title = "{Z39.50} Application Profile for the Content Specification for Digital Geospatial Metadata or {GEO}" ,year = "1995" ,month= Oct ,entered-by = "Luis Gravano" ,links="(title:www:ftp://h2o.usgs.gov/wais/docs/AppProfile_GEO1.2.ps)" ,note = "Accessible at {\tt ftp://h2o.usgs.gov/\-wais/\-docs/\-AppProfile\_GEO1.2.ps}" } @ARTICLE{bcgp97 ,AUTHOR = "Michelle Baldonado and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Luis Gravano and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "The {S}tanford {D}igital {L}ibrary Metadata Architecture" ,JOURNAL = "International Journal of Digital Libraries" ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = Feb ,volume = "1" ,number = "2" ,note = "See also http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-56" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-56)" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,keywords = "metadata architecture, interoperability, attribute model, attribute model translation, metadata repository, InfoBus, proxy architecture, heterogeneity, digital libraries" ,abstract = {~} } @MISC{mime, AUTHOR="N. Borenstein and N. Freed", TITLE="{MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)} {P}art {O}ne: {M}echanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of {I}nternet Message Bodies", NOTE="Internet RFC 1521", MONTH= Sep, YEAR=1993, LINKS = "(title:www:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1521.txt)", ENTERED-BY="Luis Gravano" } @MISC{harvest, AUTHOR="Darren R. Hardy and Michael F. Schwartz and Duane Wessels", TITLE="Harvest User's Manual", NOTE="Accessible at {\tt http://harvest.transarc.com/\-afs/\-transarc.com/\-public/\-trg/\-Harvest/\- user-manual}", MONTH= Jan, YEAR=1996, LINKS = "(title:www:http://harvest.transarc.com/afs/transarc.com/public/trg/Harvest/user -manual)", ENTERED-BY="Luis Gravano" } @INPROCEEDINGS{sigmodstarts ,AUTHOR="Luis Gravano and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and H\'ector Garc\'{\i}a-Molina and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE="{STARTS}: {S}tanford Proposal for {I}nternet Meta-Searching" ,BOOKTITLE=sigmod97 ,YEAR="1997" ,ENTERED-BY="Luis Gravano" ,links = "(title:www:http://www- db.stanford.edu/pub/gravano/1996/sigmod97.ps)" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-57)" } @INPROCEEDINGS{bald97 ,AUTHOR="Michelle Q Wang Baldonado and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE="{SenseMaker}: An Information-Exploration Interface Supporting the Contextual Evolution of a User's Interests" ,BOOKTITLE=chi97 ,pages = {11--18} ,YEAR="1997" ,month = Mar ,publisher = {ACM Press, New York} ,address = "Atlanta, Ga." ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-85)" } @TECHREPORT{dliop ,AUTHOR = "Scott W. Hassan and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "{S}tanford {D}igital {L}ibrary {I}nteroperability {P}rotocol" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1997" ,number = "SIDL-WP-1997-0054; 1997-73" ,note = "Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-73" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-73)" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" } @TECHREPORT{bcgp97b ,AUTHOR = "Michelle Baldonado and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Luis Gravano and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Metadata for Digital Libraries: Architecture and Design Rationale" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1997" ,number = "SIDL-WP-1997-0055; 1997-26" ,note = "Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-26" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-26)" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {In a distributed, heterogeneous, proxy-based digital library, autonomous services and collections are accessed indirectly via proxies. To facilitate metadata compatibility and interoperability in such a digital library, we have designed a metadata architecture that includes four basic component classes: attribute model proxies, attribute model translators, metadata facilities for search proxies, and metadata repositories. Attribute model proxies elevate both attribute sets and the attributes they define to first-class objects. They also allow relationships among attributes to be captured. Attribute model translators map attributes and attribute values from one attribute model to another (where possible). Metadata facilities for search proxies provide structured descriptions both of the collections to which the search proxies provide access and of the search capabilities of the proxies. Finally, metadata repositories accumulate selected metadata from local instances of the other three component classes in order to facilitate global metadata queries and local metadata caching. In this paper, we outline further the roles of these component classes, discuss our design rationale, and analyze related work.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:bhush ,AUTHOR = "B. Bhushan and others" ,TITLE = "Managing Heterogeneous Networks--Integrator-Based Approach" ,BOOKTITLE = "IFIP Transactions C (Communication Systems)" ,YEAR = 1993 ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS TK5105.7.A37 1994" ,keywords = "Object-Oriented Methods; Telecommunication Network Management; Telecommunications Computing" ,abstract = {The authors discuss an object oriented approach to network management. Their goal is to briefly explain a real example of an integrated network management (INM) system. One of the major requirements when looking at information transfer between the managed network and the management system is to mask the heterogeneity of the underlying resources. As an example of the unification of heterogeneity networks, a software called the Integrator has been designed and implemented. The Integrator is a mechanism that provides an object oriented interface to the user (human or network management application programs) to offer a homogeneous view of a world (set of heterogeneous domains) through a model (depicting a formal information view). The Integrator uses two agents to communicate with underlying network elements: an SNMP agent accessing TCP/IP parameters for an Ethernet network through a SNMP agent, and an X.25 interface program doing the same for X.25 parameters through proprietary management software. The concepts of the Integrator has been applied in the EC project PEMMON} } @MISC{kn:nodes ,author = "Steven Moyer" ,title = "N.O.D.E.S. Report" ,year = "1996" ,howpublished = "WWW" ,address = "http://www.gen.com/solutions/nodes/index.htm" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Web search" ,abstract = {There is an explosion of information QUANTITY without the capacity to identify the QUALITY of that information. NODES is a planned software system which helps you identify the people and information which fit your needs. It does this by keeping records of which pieces of information on the network are valuable to you, based on your judgments, and making correlations with other users. A public domain database of ratings is essential for this concept to work. Projections are made on a daily basis for each user, based on what other users who share the same interests rate as "good" or "excellent." Each projection is able to be rated. Therefore, over time NODES becomes better and better at finding quality information for you. NODES can be directly configured to operate the way you wish. You can also answer any number of questionnaires, interest surveys, and personality tests to build the database which NODES works with. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:bussl ,AUTHOR = "Christoph Bussler and Stefan Jablonski and Thomas Kirsche and Hans Schuster and Hartmut Wedekind" ,TITLE = "Architectural Issues of Distributed Workflow Management Systems" ,BOOKTITLE = "Parallel Computing Technologies. Third International Conference, PACT-95, Proceedings." ,YEAR = "1995" ,editor = "V. Malyshkin" ,publisher = "Springer-Verlag" ,address = "Berlin, Germany" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS QA76.58.I547 1995" ,keywords = "Business Data Processing; Client-Server Systems; Distributed Databases; Object-Oriented Programming; Software Libraries; Software Performance Evaluation; Systems Re-Engineering" ,abstract = {A specific task of distributed and parallel information systems is workflow management. In particular, workflow management systems execute business processes that run on top of distributed and parallel information systems. Parallelism is due to performance requirements and involves data and applications that are spread across a heterogeneous, distributed computing environment. Heterogeneity and distribution of the underlying computing infrastructure should be made transparent in order to alleviate programming and use. We introduce an implementation architecture for workflow management systems that meets these requirements. Scalability (through transparent parallelism) and transparency with respect to distribution and heterogeneity are the major characteristics of this architecture. A generic client/server class library in an object-oriented environment demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:huhns ,AUTHOR = "M.N. Huhns and M.P. Singh" ,TITLE = "Automating Workflows for Service Provisioning: Integrating {AI} and Database Technologies" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Applications" ,YEAR = "1994" ,publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press" ,address = "Los Alamitos, CA" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS Q334.C654" ,keywords = "Artificial Intelligence; Deductive Databases; Distributed Databases; Management Information Systems; Service Industries" ,abstract = {Workflows are the structured activities that take place in information systems in typical business environments. These activities frequently involve several database systems, user interfaces, and application programs. Traditional database systems do not support workflows to any reasonable extent. Usually, human beings must intervene to ensure their proper execution. We have developed an architecture based on AI technology that automatically manages workflows. This architecture executes on top of a distributed computing environment. It has been applied to automating service provisioning workflows; an implementation that operates on one such workflow has been developed. This work advances the Camel Project's goal of developing technologies for integrating heterogeneous database systems. It is notable in its marriage of AI approaches with standard distributed database techniques.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:medin1 ,AUTHOR = "R. Medina-Mora and K.W. Cartron" ,TITLE = "ActionWorkflow in Use: Clark County Department of Business License" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Data Engineering" ,YEAR = "1996" ,editor = "S.Y.W. Su" ,publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press" ,address = "Los Alamitos, CA" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS QA76.9.D3 I5582" ,keywords = "Government Data Processing; Office Automation; Optical Storage; Systems Re-Engineering" ,abstract = {We present the basic concepts of ActionWorkflow and a study of a successful implementation in Clark County Department of Business License. The image/workflow system reengineers a labyrinthine licensing system into simplistic processes that are more customer oriented, yield superior productivity, establish a work in progress tracking mechanism, and archive the resulting licensing processes permanently on an unalterable optical storage system.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:medin2 ,AUTHOR = "R. Medina-Mora and Terry Winograd and Rodrigo Flores and Fernando Flores" ,TITLE = "The ActionWorkflow Approach to Workflow Management Technology" ,BOOKTITLE = "CSCW '92" ,YEAR = "1992" ,editor = "J. Turner and R. Kraut" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS HD66.C563.1992" ,keywords = "Administrative Data Processing; Groupware" ,abstract = {Describes the ActionWorkflow approach to workflow management technology: this is a design methodology and associated computer software for the support of work in organizations. The approach is based on theories of communicative activity as language/action, and has been developed in a series of systems for coordination among users of networked computers. This paper describes the approach, gives an example of its application, and shows the architecture of a workflow management system based on it.} } @BOOK{kn:elmag ,AUTHOR = "Ahmed K. Elmagarmid" ,TITLE = "Database Transaction Models for Advanced Applications" ,PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann" ,YEAR = "1992" ,address = "San Mateo, CA" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS QA76.9.D3.D3632 1992" ,keywords = "Database management; Distributed Databases" } @ARTICLE{kn:fuchs ,AUTHOR = "M. Fuchs" ,TITLE = "The User Interface as Document: SGML and Distributed Applications" ,JOURNAL = "Computer Standards \& Interfaces" ,YEAR = "1996" ,month = "January" ,volume = "18" ,number = "1" ,pages = "79--92" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Engineering Serials" ,keywords = "SGML; User Interfaces; Active Documents; Distributed Systems; Scripting Languages; Information Browsing" ,abstract = {Multi-user distributed applications running on heterogeneous networks must be able to display user interface components on several platforms. In wide-area public networks, such as the Internet, the mix of platforms and participants in an application will occur dynamically; the user interface will need to coexist with environments completely uncontrolled by the designer. We have dealt with this issue by considering user interfaces as a kind of document specifying the application`s requirements and adopting SGML technology to process them locally. This approach provides new flexibility, with implications for the design of network browsers, such as those of the World Wide Web, and leads to an interesting class of active documents.} } @ARTICLE{kn:salmi ,AUTHOR = "Airi Salminen and others" ,TITLE = "From Text to Hypertext by Indexing" ,JOURNAL = "ACM Transactions on Information Systems" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "January" ,volume = "13" ,number = "1" ,pages = "69--99" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS Serials" ,keywords = "Constrained grammars; Grammars; Hypertext; Properties; Structured Text; Text Entities; Text Types; Transient Hypergraphs" ,abstract = {A model is presented for converting a collection of documents to hypertext by means of indexing. The documents are assumed to be semistructured, i.e., their text is a hierarchy of parts, and some of the parts consist of natural language. The model is intended as a framework for specifying hypertextual reading capabilities for specific application areas and for developing new automated tools for the conversion of semistructured text to hypertext. In the model, two well-known paradigms---formal grammars and document indexing---are combined. The structure of the source text is defined by a schema that is a constrained context-free grammar. The hierarchic structure of the source may thus be modeled by a parse tree for the grammar. The effect of indexing is described by the grammar transformations. The new grammar, called an indexing schema, is associated with a new parse tree where some text parts are index elements. The indexing schema may hide some parts of the original documents or the structure of some parts. For information retrieval, parts of the indexed text are considered to be nodes of a hypergraph. In the hypergraph-based information access, the navigation capabilities of hypertext systems are combined with the querying capabilities of information retrieval systems.} } @ARTICLE{kn:celen ,AUTHOR = "Augusto Celentano and others" ,TITLE = "Knowledge-Based Document Retrieval in Office Environments: The Kabiria System" ,JOURNAL = "ACM Transactions on Information Systems" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "July" ,volume = "13" ,number = "3" ,pages = "237--268" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS Serials" ,keywords = "Browser; Class; Hypertext; Instance; Knowledge Base; Link; Object Orientation; User Interface; Metadata" ,abstract = {In the office environment, the retrieval of documents is performed using the concepts contained in the documents, information about the procedural context where the documents are used, and information about the regulations and laws that discipline the life of documents within a given application domain. To fulfill the requirements of such a sophisticated retrieval, we propose a document retrieval model and system based on the representation of knowledge describing the semantic contents of documents, the way in which the documents are managed by procedures and by people in the office, and the application domain where the office operates. The article describes the knowledge representation issues needed for the document retrieval system and presents a document retrieval model that captures these issues. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated by describing a system, named {\em Kabiria}, built on top of such model. The article describes the querying and browsing environments, and the architecture of the system.} } @BOOK{kn:white ,AUTHOR = "Thomas E. White and Layna Fischer" ,TITLE = "New Tools for New Times: The Workflow Paradigm" ,PUBLISHER = "Future Strategies, Inc." ,YEAR = "1994" ,address = "Alameda, CA" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,keywords = "Workflow; Organizational Change; Organizational Effectiveness; Quality Control; Information Technology; Information Resources Management; Management Information Systems; Office Practice---Automation" } @ARTICLE{kn:singh ,AUTHOR = "M.P. Singh and M.N. Huhns" ,TITLE = "Automating Workflows for Service Order Processing: Integrating AI and Database Technologies" ,JOURNAL = "IEEE Expert" ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "October" ,volume = "9" ,number = "5" ,pages = "19--23" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS Serials" ,keywords = "Database Management Systems; Distributed Processing; Knowledge Based Systems; User Interfaces" ,abstract = {We have developed an AI-based architecture that automatically manages workflows, and we have implemented a prototype that executes on top of a distributed computing environment to help a telecommunications company better provide a service that requires coordination among many operation support systems and network elements. The activities involve several database systems, user interfaces, and application programs.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:hoppe ,AUTHOR = "H. Ulrich Hoppe and Jian Zhao" ,TITLE = "C-TORI: An Interface for Cooperative Database Retrieval" ,BOOKTITLE = "5th International Conference, DEXA '94, Database and Expert Systems Applications" ,YEAR = "1994" ,editor = "Dimitris Karagiannis" ,publisher = "Springer-Verlag" ,address = "Berlin, Germany" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS QA76.9.D32 D28" ,keywords = "Information Retrieval, Groupware, CSCW, Database Interfaces" ,abstract = {C-TORI (Cooperative TORI), a cooperative version of TORI (Task-Oriented Database Retrieval Interface), is presented in this paper. It extends interactive query formulation and result browsing by supporting cooperation between multiple users. In the cooperative environment, three basic additional operations are provided: copying, merging and coupling for three types of TORI objects (query forms, result forms, and query history windows). Cooperation with query forms allows end users to jointly formulate queries; cooperation with result forms supports users in jointly browsing through results and in sharing retrieved data without re-accessing the database; cooperative use of query histories yields a specific mechanism to share "memory" between users. The implementation is based on the concept of shared UI objects as an application-independent cooperation and communication model.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:abbot ,AUTHOR = "Kenneth R. Abbott and Sunil K. Sarin" ,TITLE = "Experiences with Workflow Management: Issues for the Next Generation" ,BOOKTITLE = "CSCW '94" ,YEAR = "1994" ,editor = "Richard Furuta and Christine Neuwirth" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS HD66.C563 1994" ,keywords = "Workflow, business process reengineering" ,abstract = {Workflow management is a technology that is considered strategically important by many businesses, and its market growth shows no signs of abating. It is, however, often viewed with skepticism by the research community, conjuring up visions of oppressed workers performing rigidly-defined tasks on an assembly line. Although the potential for abuse no doubt exists, workflow management can instead be used to help individuals manage their work and to provide a clear context for performing that work. A key challenge in the realization of this ideal is the reconciliation of workflow process models and software with the rich variety of activities and behaviors that comprise ``real'' work. Our experiences with the InConcert workflow management system are used as a basis for outlining several issues that will need to be addressed in meeting this challenge. This is intended as an invitation to CSCW researchers to influence this important technology in a constructive manner by drawing on research and experience.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:neuwi ,AUTHOR = "Christine M. Neuwirth and others" ,TITLE = "Computer Support for Distributed Collaborative Writing: Defining Parameters of Interaction" ,BOOKTITLE = "CSCW '94" ,YEAR = "1994" ,editor = "Richard Furuta and Christine Neuwirth" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS HD66.C563 1994" ,keywords = "Parameters of interaction, synchronous/asynchronous, collaborative writing, computer-supported cooperative work" ,abstract = {This paper reports research to define a set of interaction parameters that collaborative writers will find useful. Our approach is to provide parameters of interaction and to locate the decision of how to set the parameters with the users. What is new is the progress we have made outlining task management parameters, notification, scenarios of use, as well as some implementation architectures.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:praka ,AUTHOR = "Atul Prakash and Hyong Sop Shim" ,TITLE = "DistView: Support for Building Efficient Collaborative Applications Using Replicated Objects" ,BOOKTITLE = "CSCW '94" ,YEAR = "1994" ,editor = "Richard Furuta and Christine Neuwirth" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS HD66.C563 1994" ,keywords = "Groupware, multi-user interfaces, collaboration technology, shared windows, active objects, distributed objects, replicated objects, concurrency control" ,abstract = {The ability to share synchronized views of interactions with an application is critical to supporting synchronous collaboration. The paper suggests a simple synchronous collaboration paradigm in which the sharing of the views of user/application interactions occurs at the window level within a multi-user, multi-window application. The paradigm is incorporated in a toolkit, DistView, that allows some of the application windows to be shared at a fine-level of granularity, while still allowing other application windows to be private. The toolkit is intended for supporting synchronous collaboration over wide-area networks. To keep bandwidth requirements and interactive response time low in such networks, DistView uses an object-level replication scheme, in which the application and interface objects that need to be shared among users are replicated. We discuss the design of DistView and present our preliminary experience with a prototype version of the system.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:pacul ,AUTHOR = "Fran\c{c}ois Pacull and others" ,TITLE = "Duplex: A Distributed Collaborative Editing Environment in Large Scale" ,BOOKTITLE = "CSCW '94" ,YEAR = "1994" ,editor = "Richard Furuta and Christine Neuwirth" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS HD66.C563 1994" ,keywords = "Collaborative editing, distributed groupware, large scale networks, concurrency control" ,abstract = {DUPLEX is a distributed collaborative editor for users connected through a large-scale environment such as the Internet. Large-scale implies heterogeneity, unpredictable communication delays and failures, and inefficient implementations of techniques traditionally used for collaborative editing in local area networks. To cope with these unfavorable conditions, DUPLEX proposes a model based on splitting the document into independent parts, maintained individually and replicated by a kernel. Users act on document parts and interact with co-authors using a local environment providing a safe store and recovery mechanisms against failures or divergence with co-authors. Communication is reduced to a minimum, allowing disconnected operation. Atomicity, concurrency, and replica control are confined to a manageable small context.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kn:green ,AUTHOR = "Saul Greenberg and David Marwood" ,TITLE = "Real Time Groupware as a Distributed System: Concurrency Control and Its Effect on the Interface" ,BOOKTITLE = "CSCW '94" ,YEAR = "1994" ,editor = "Richard Furuta and Christine Neuwirth" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Frankie James" ,found-in = "Math/CS HD66.C563 1994" ,keywords = "Real time groupware, computer supported cooperative work, distributed systems, concurrency control algorithms" ,abstract = {This paper exposes the concurrency control problem in groupware when it is implemented as a distributed system. Traditional concurrency control methods cannot be applied directly to groupware because system interactions include people as well as computers. Methods, such as locking, serialization, and their degree of optimism, are shown to have quite different impacts on the interface and how operations are displayed and perceived by group members. The paper considers both human and technical considerations that designers should ponder before choosing a particular concurrency control method. It also reviews the authors` work-in-progress designing and implementing a library of concurrency schemes in GROUPKIT, a groupware toolkit.} } @BOOK{joha84 ,AUTHOR = "Robert Johansen" ,TITLE = "Teleconferencing and beyond : communications in the office of the future" ,PUBLISHER = "McGraw-Hill" ,YEAR = "1984" ,series = "McGraw-Hill data communications book series" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "tightly-coupled collaboration, teleconferencing" } @INPROCEEDINGS{bore88 ,AUTHOR = "Nathaniel Borenstein" ,TITLE = "Cooperative Work in the Andrew Message System" ,BOOKTITLE = cscw88 ,YEAR = "1988" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Terry Winograd's office" ,keywords = "email, collaboration through email, Andrew" ,abstract = {Describes collab-related aspects of Andrew.} } @MISC{sear95 ,author = "Searchlight Software, Inc." ,title = "Searchlight Software's 'Project Odessa' Brings BBS-Like Features to the WEB" ,year = "1995" ,howpublished = "http://www.searchlight.com/odessa/odessa.htm" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "conferencing and BBBs on the Web" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{conk88 ,AUTHOR = "Jeff Conklin and Michael L. Begeman" ,TITLE = "{gIBIS}: A Hypertext Tool for Exploratory Policy Discussion" ,BOOKTITLE = cscw88 ,YEAR = "1988" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "graphical IBIS, conference system, collaborative argumentation system" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{stre94 ,AUTHOR = "Norbert A. Streitz and {J\"{o}rg} M. Haake and Jeroen Hol" ,TITLE = "{DOLPHIN}: Integrated Meeting Support across Local and Remote Desktop Environments and LiveBoards" ,BOOKTITLE = cscw94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Live meeting support, collaboration and persistence" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{ SALTZER92 ,AUTHOR = "Jerome H. Saltzer" ,TITLE = "Technology, Networks, and the Library of the Year 2000" ,BOOKTITLE = "In Future Tendencies in Computer Science, Control, and Applied Mathematics. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Occasion of the 25th Anniversary of INRIA" ,YEAR = "1992" ,pages = "51-67" ,editor = "A. Bensoussan and J.-P. Verjus" ,publisher = "Springer-Verlag" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,notes="At http://ltt-www.lcs.mit.edu/ltt-www/Papers/inria.html" ,abstract = {An under-appreciated revolution in the technology of on-line storage, display, and communications will, by the year 2000, make it economically possible to place the entire contents of a library on-line, in image form, accessible from computer workstations located anywhere, with a hardware storage cost comparable to one year's operational budget of that library. In this paper we describe a vision in which one can look at any book, journal, paper, thesis, or report in the library without leaving the office, and can follow citations by pointing; the item selected pops up immediately in an adjacent window. To bring this vision to reality, research with special attention to issues of modularity and scale will be needed, on applying the client/server model, on linking data, and on the implications of storage that must persist for decades. } } @BOOK{ GRAY93 ,AUTHOR = "Jim Gray and Andreas Reuter" ,TITLE = "Transaction Processing: concepts and techniques" ,PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc." ,YEAR = "1993" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { This is a comprehensive book on transaction processing. Chapter 3 introduces the concept of Fault Tolerance. Chapter 4 presents different transaction models. Chapters 5,6 give an overview of the functionality of the TP monitor. Chapters 7,8 describe concurrency control and its implementation. Chapter 9 give an overview of recovery and how to implement logs. Chapter 10,11 defines a transaction manager and how to implement it. Chapter 12 is a compedium of advanced transaction manager topics including heterogeneous commit coordinators, non-blocking commit coordinators, transfer of commit, optimization of 2-phase commit, and disaster recovery. The rest of the book describes in detail the low level implementation of a transaction processing system, and provides a survery of TP systems in the market. } } @ARTICLE{ PATTERSON88 ,AUTHOR = "David Patterson and Garth Gibson and Randy H. Katz" ,TITLE = "A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)" ,JOURNAL = "SIGMOD Record" ,YEAR = "1988" ,month = Sep ,volume = "17" ,number = "3" ,pages = "109-116" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { This is the paper that introduced RAIDs. The paper proposes arrays of inexpensive disk as a cheaper, faster, and more scalable alternative to single large disk. The problem is that an array of inexpensive disk has less reliability than a single large disk. The authors propose 5 levels of RAIDs to solve that problem. Level 1 uses mirrored disk, level 2 uses hamming code for ECC, level 3 uses only a single check disk per group, level 4 allows independent reads/writes to the disks, level 5 distributes the check information across all disks. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ SCHLOSS90 ,AUTHOR = "G.A. Schloss and M. Stonebraker" ,TITLE = "Highly redundant management of distributed data" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of Workshop on the Management of Replicated Data" ,YEAR = "1990" ,month = "November" ,organization = "IEEE" ,publisher = "IEEE Computing Society" ,pages = "91-95" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { Introduces the idea of RADDs (Redundant Array of Distributed Disks). This paper expands the idea of RAIDs to disk that are connected by a reliable high speed data communication network. Main results on storage space utilization, I/O performance and reliability are outlined. } } @ARTICLE{ GRAY96 ,AUTHOR = "Jim Gray and Pat Helland and Patrick E. O'Neil and Dennis Shasha" ,TITLE = "Dangers of Replication and a Solution" ,JOURNAL = "SIGMOD" ,YEAR = "1996" ,month = "June" ,pages = "173-82" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { Update anywhere-anytime-anyway transactional replication has unstable behavior as the workload scales up: a ten-fold increase in nodes and traffic gives a thousand fold increase in deadlocks or reconciliations. Master copy replication (primary copy) schemes reduce this problem. A simple analytic model demonstrates these results. A new two-tier replication algorithm is proposed that allows mobile (disconnected) applications to propose tentative update transactions that are later applied to a master copy. Commutative update transactions avoid the instability of other replication schemes } } @ARTICLE{ SON88 ,AUTHOR = "Sang Hyuk Son" ,TITLE = "Replicated Data Management in Distributed Database Systems" ,JOURNAL = "SIGMOD Record" ,YEAR = "1988" ,month = "December" ,volume = "17" ,number = "4" ,pages = "62-9" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { This paper classifies different synchronization methods. The dimensions explored are: optimistic vs. pesimistic algorithms, syntactic vs. semantic approaches, majority algorithms, weighted voting algorithms, quorum and ADTs, and special copy approaches. The descriptions underly mechanisms and the type of information they use in ordering the operation of the transactions. } } @ARTICLE{ KING91 ,AUTHOR = "Richard P. King and Nagui Halim and Hector Garcia-Molina and Christos A. Polyzois" ,TITLE = "Management of a Remote Backup Copy for Disaster Recovery" ,JOURNAL = "TODS" ,YEAR = "1991" ,volume = "16" ,number = "2" ,pages = "338-68" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { A remote backup database system tracks the state of a primary system, taking over transaction processing when disaster hits the primary site. The primary and backup sites are physically isolated so that failures at one site are unlikely to propagate to the other. For correctness, the execution schedule at the backup must be equivalent to that at the primary. When the primary and backup sites contain a single processor, it is easy to achieve this property. However, this is harder to do when each site contains multiple processors and sites are connected via multiple communication lines. The authors present an efficient transaction processing mechanism for multiprocessor systems that guarantees this and other important properties. They also present a database initialization algorithm that copies the database to a backup site while transactions are being processed. } } @ARTICLE{ VINGRALEK94 ,AUTHOR = "Radek Vingralek and Yuri Breitbart and Gerhard Weikum" ,TITLE = "Distributed File Organization with Scalable Cost/Performance" ,JOURNAL = sigmod94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "June" ,pages = "253-64" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { This paper is perhaps too OS oriented. Nevertheless is a great paper. The paper presents a distributed file organization for record-structured, disk-resident files with key-based exact-match access. The file is organized into buckets that are spread across multiple servers, where a server may hold multiple buckets. Client requests are serviced by mapping keys onto buckets and looking up the corresponding server in an address table. Dynamic growth in terms of file size and access load is supported by bucket splits and bucket migration onto other existing or newly acquired servers. The significant and challenging problem addressed is how to achieve scalability so that both the file size and the client throughput can be scaled up by linearly increasing the number of servers and dynamically redistributing data. Unlike previous work with similar objectives, our data redistribution considers explicitly the cost/performance ratio of the system by aiming to minimize the number of servers that are acquired to provide the required performance. A new server is acquired only if the overall server utilization in the system does not drop below a specified threshold. Preliminary simulation results show that the goal of scalability with controlled cost/performance is indeed achieved to a large extent. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ LABIO96 ,AUTHOR = "Wilburt Juan Labio and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Efficient Snapshot Differential Algorithms for Data Warehousing" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of 22th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases" ,YEAR = "1996" ,month = "September" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { Detecting and extracting modifications from information sources is an integral part of data warehousing. For unsophisticated sources, in practice it is often necessary to infer modifications by periodically comparing snapshots of data from the source. Although this snapshot differential problem is closely related to traditional joins and outerjoins, there are significant differences, which lead to simple new algorithms. In particular, we present algorithms that perform (possibly lossy) compression of records. We also present a window algorithm that works very well if the snapshots are not ``very different.'' The algorithms are studied via analysis and an implementation of two of them; the results illustrate the potential gains achievable with the new algorithms. } ,privateComment = "This paper is probably too low level for the proposal." } @MISC{ WEIBEL95 ,AUTHOR = "Stuart Weibel and Jean Godby and Eric Miller and Ron Daniel" ,TITLE = "{OCLC/NCSA} Metadata Workshop Report" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "March" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,notes="At http://www.oclc.org:5046/oclc/research/conferences/metadata/dublin_core_report.h tml" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.oclc.org:5046/oclc/research/conferences/metadata/dublin_c ore_report.html)" ,abstract = { This report defines the Dublin core. The Dublin core is a set of 13 metadata attributes that should be present in all documents. The attributes are: subject, title, author, publisher, other agent, date, object type, form, identifier, relation, source, language, coverage. } } @MISC{dcmi98 ,title = "The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative" ,year = "1998" ,howpublished = "http://purl.oclc.org/dc/" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "dublin core, cataloging, metadata" ,abstract = {Minimal set of attributes} } @TECHREPORT{ LAGOZE96 ,AUTHOR = "Carl Lagoze and Clifford A. Lynch and Ron Daniel Jr." ,TITLE = "The {W}arwick Framework: A Container Architecture for Aggregating Sets of Metadata" ,INSTITUTION = "Cornell University" ,YEAR = "1996" ,month = "June" ,number = "TR96-1593" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { We describe a result of the June 1996 Warwick Metadata II Workshop. This Warwick Framework is a container architecture for aggregating logically, and perhaps physically, distinct packages of metadata. This architecture allows separate administration and access to metadata packages, provides for varying syntax in each package in conformance with semantic requirements, and it promotes interoperability and extensibility by allowing tools and agents to selectively access and manipulate individual packages and ignore others. At the conclusion of the paper we propose implementations of the Framework in HTML, MIME, SGML, and distributed objects } } @TECHREPORT{ LAGOZE95a ,AUTHOR = "Carl Lagoze and David Ely" ,TITLE = "Implementation Issues in an Open Architectural Framework for Digital Object Services" ,INSTITUTION = "Cornell University" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "September" ,number = "TR95-1590" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { We provide high level designs for implementing some key aspects of the Kahn/Wilensky Framework for Distributed Digital Object Services. We focus on five aspects of the architecture: 1) Negotiation on terms and conditions initiated by requests for stored digital objects. 2) Replication of handle server data and the notion of a primary handle server, 3) The mechanisms for replicating digital objects in multiple repositories and the assertions concerning such replication. 4) The meaning of mutable and immutable states for digital objects and the mechanisms for changing these states. 5) The basic services that the Repository Access Protocol (RAP) needs to support the infrastructure. } } @TECHREPORT{ LAGOZE95b ,AUTHOR = "Carl Lagoze and Robert McGrath and Ed Overly and Nancy Yeager" ,TITLE = "Implementation Issues in an Open Architectural Framework for Digital Object Services" ,INSTITUTION = "Cornell University" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "November" ,number = "TR95-1558" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { We describe a distributed object-based design for repositories in a digital library infrastructure. This design for Inter-operable Secure Object Stores, ISOS, defines the interfaces to secure repositories that inter-operate with each other, clients, and other services in the infrastructure. We define the interfaces to ISOS as class definitions in a distributed object system. We also define an extension to CORBA security that is used by repositories to secure access to themselves and their contained objects. } } @ARTICLE{MICHELLE96 ,AUTHOR = "Baldonado Michelle and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Luis Gravano and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "The {S}tanford {D}igital {L}ibrary Metadata Architecture" ,JOURNAL = "International Journal of Digital Libraries" ,YEAR = "1997" ,note = "See also http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-71" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-71)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "metadata architecture" ,abstract = {~} } @MISC{ Smith96 ,AUTHOR = "Terence R. Smith and Steven Geffner and Jonathan Gottsegen" ,TITLE = "A General Framework for the Meta-Information and Catalogs in Digital Libraries" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,note = "At http://www.nml.org/resources/misc/metadata/proceedings/smith/ieee.html" ,abstract = { We present a general framework to support the modeling of digital documents and user queries in the context of digital libraries (DL's). The basis of the framework is a four-component model of a DL catalog involving a document modeling component, a query modeling component, a match component, and a catalog interoperability component. Meta-information in such a catalog provides models of library documents and facilitates efficient access to information represented in the documents. In particular, meta-information is conceptualized in terms of sets of relations between nominal representations of library documents and their properties, and sets of relations between document properties. The properties of the documents are modeled in meta-information in terms of a multiplicity of languages which vary between the catalog components and between catalogs. Each of the catalog components is modeled in terms of a set of formal systems related to the languages employed in the component. Using this framework, we discuss the two critical issues of catalog intraoperability and catalog interoperability. The framework provides a basis both for the rational design of meta-information and catalogs in DL contexts, and for an analysis and resolution of the intraoperability and interoperability issues. We provide examples of the issues discussed in terms of the Alexandria Digital Library. } } @BOOK{ CASTANO94 ,AUTHOR = "Silvana Castano and Maria Grazia Fugini and Giancarlo Martella and Pierangela Samarati" ,TITLE = "Database Security" ,PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley" ,YEAR = "1994" ,organization = "ACM" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { This is a comprehensive book on Database security. Chapter 1,2, and 3 describe information security, security models and security mechanisms and software from a general point of view. Chapter 4 gives a detail survey of Database security design. Chapter 5 explores the problem of security on statistical databases. Chapeter 6 describes different approaches in instrusion detection. Chapter 7 explores security models for next-generation databases (active db, oodb). } } @BOOK{ FERNANDEZ81 ,AUTHOR = "E. Fernandez and R. Summers and C. Wood" ,TITLE = "Database Security and Integrity" ,PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley" ,YEAR = "1981" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,privateCOMMENT = "Recomended by Martin. Didn't read it. QA76.9.D3 F47 (in Math/CS and Jackson)" } @BOOK{ AMOROSO94 ,AUTHOR = "E. Amoroso" ,TITLE = "Fundamentals of Computer Security Technology" ,PUBLISHER = "Prentice Hall" ,YEAR = "1994" ,address = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ." ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,privateCOMMENT = "Recomended by Martin. Didn't read it. QA76.9.A25A46 (in Math/CS)" } @ARTICLE{ BRIN95 ,AUTHOR = "Sergev Brin and James Davis and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Copy Detection Mechanisms for Digital Documents" ,JOURNAL = "SIGMOD" ,YEAR = "1995" ,pages = "398-409" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { In a digital library system, documents are available in digital form and therefore are more easily copied and their copyrights are more easily violated. This is a very serious problem, as it discourages owners of valuable information from sharing it with authorized users. There are two main philosophies for addressing this problem: prevention and detection. The former actually makes unauthorized use of documents difficult or impossible while the latter makes it easier to discover such activity. We propose a system for registering documents and then detecting copies, either complete copies or partial copies. We describe algorithms for such detection, and metrics required for evaluating detection mechanisms (covering accuracy, efficiency, and security). We also describe a working prototype, called COPS, describe implementation issues, and present experimental results that suggest the proper settings for copy detection parameters. } } @ARTICLE{ GARCIA96 ,AUTHOR = "Hector Garcia-Molina and Luis Gravano and Narayanan Shivakumar" ,TITLE = "dSCAM: Finding Document Copies Across Multiple Databases" ,JOURNAL = pdis96 ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-69)" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = {} } @TECHREPORT{ MOCKAPETRIS87a ,AUTHOR = "P. Mockapetris" ,TITLE = "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities" ,INSTITUTION = "Network Working Group" ,YEAR = "1987" ,month = "November" ,number = "RFC 1034" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,note= "At http://info.internet.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc/files/rfc1034.txt" ,links = "(title:www:http://info.internet.isi.edu/in- notes/rfc/files/rfc1034.txt)" ,abstract = { Introduction to DNS, their use for Internet mail and host address support, and the protocols and servers used to implement domain name facilities. RFC 1035 provides implementation detail. RFC 1101 replaces it; however, without reading this, it's hard t understand RFC 1101. } } @TECHREPORT{ MOCKAPETRIS87b ,AUTHOR = "P. Mockapetris" ,TITLE = "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification" ,INSTITUTION = "Network Working Group" ,YEAR = "1987" ,month = "November" ,number = "RFC 1035" ,links = "(title:www:http://info.internet.isi.edu/in- notes/rfc/files/rfc1035.txt)" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,note= "At http://info.internet.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc/files/rfc1035.txt" ,abstract = { Describes the details of the domain system and protocol (assumes one is familiar with RFC 1034. } } @TECHREPORT{ MOCKAPETRIS89 ,AUTHOR = "P. Mockapetris" ,TITLE = "DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types" ,INSTITUTION = "Network Working Group" ,YEAR = "1989" ,month = "April" ,number = "RFC 1101" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,links = "(title:www:http://info.internet.isi.edu/in- notes/rfc/files/rfc1101.txt)" ,note= "At http://info.internet.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc/files/rfc1101.txt" ,abstract = { Presents 2 extensions to DNS: A specific method for entering and retrieving data records which map between network names and numbers. Ideas for a general method for describing mappings between arbitrary identifiers and numbers. One can't understand it w/o reading RFC 1034. Other RFCs related with DNS: 973, 1123, 1348. } } @TECHREPORT{ SOLLIS94 ,AUTHOR = "K. Sollins and L. Masinter" ,TITLE = "Functional Requirements for Uniform Resource Names" ,INSTITUTION = "Network Working Group" ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "December" ,number = "RFC 1737" ,links = "(title:www:http://info.internet.isi.edu/in- notes/rfc/files/rfc1101.txt)" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,note= "At http://info.internet.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc/files/rfc1101.txt" ,abstract = { This RFC introduces URNs. } } @TECHREPORT{ KAHN95 ,AUTHOR = "Robert Kahn and Robert Wilensky" ,TITLE = "A Framework for Distributed Digital Object Services" ,INSTITUTION = "CNRI" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "May" ,number = "tn95-01" ,links = "(title:www:http://WWW.CNRI.Reston.VA.US/home/cstr/arch/k-w.html)" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,note = "At http://WWW.CNRI.Reston.VA.US/home/cstr/arch/k-w.html" ,abstract = { This paper provides a method for naming, identifying and/or invoking digital objects in a system of distributed repositories. It provides the foundation for the naming system of the CS-TR project. See also At http://WWW.CNRI.Reston.VA.US/home/cstr/arch/slides.html for a slide presentation. } } @ARTICLE{ COUSINS95 ,AUTHOR = "Steve B. Cousins and Steven P. Ketchpel and Andreas Paepcke and Hector Garcia-Molina and Scott W. Hassan and Martin R{\"{o}}scheisen" ,TITLE = "InterPay: Managing Multiple Payment Mechanisms in Digital Libraries" ,JOURNAL = "Digital Library" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { Interpay paper } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ NEUMAN95 ,AUTHOR = "B.C. Neuman and G. Medvinsky" ,TITLE = "Requirements for network payment: The netcheque perspective" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "Mar" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { Secure methods of payment are needed before we will see widespread commercial use of the Internet. Recently proposed and implemented payment methods follow one of three models: electronic currency, credit-debit, and secure credit card transactions. Such payment services have different strengths and weaknesses with respect to the requirements of security, reliability, scalability, anonymity, acceptability, customer base, flexibility, convertibility, efficiency, ease of integration with applications, and ease of use. NetCheque is a payment system based on the credit-debit model. NetCheque is described and its strengths with respect to these requirements are discussed. } } @ARTICLE{ BOWMAN95 ,AUTHOR = "C.M. Bowman and Peter B. Danzig and Darren R. Hardy and Udi Manber and Michael F. Schwartz" ,TITLE = "The Harvest information discovery and access system" ,JOURNAL = "Computer Networks and ISDN Systems" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "December" ,volume = "28" ,number = "1-2" ,pages = "119-125" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { It is increasingly difficult to make effective use of Internet information, given the rapid growth in data volume, user base, and data diversity. We introduce Harvest, a system that provides a scalable, customizable architecture for gathering, indexing, caching, replicating, and accessing Internet information. } } @BOOK{ SALTON83 ,AUTHOR = "Gerard Salton" ,TITLE = "Introduction to modern information retrieval" ,PUBLISHER = "McGraw-Hill" ,YEAR = "1983" ,address= "New York" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { Math & Comp Sci/Green Z699.S313 } } @INPROCEEDINGS{ GRAVANO96 ,AUTHOR = "Luis Gravano and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "STARTS: Stanford Proposal for Internet Meta-Searching" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proc. of the 1997 ACM SIGMOD International Conference On Management of Data" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" } @MISC{ Schwartz96 ,editor = "Michael Schwartz" ,author = "Michael Schwartz" ,title = "Report of the Distributed Indexing/Searching Workshop" ,year = "1996" ,month = "May" ,howpublished = "url" ,note = "At http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Search/9605-Indexing-Workshop/" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Search/9605-Indexing- Workshop/)" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" } @BOOK{ WITTEN94 ,AUTHOR = "Ian H. Witten" ,TITLE = "Managing gigabytes : compressing and indexing documents and images" ,PUBLISHER = "Van Nostrand Reinhold" ,YEAR = "1994" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,found-in = "TA1637.W58 1994 (Math/CS)" ,abstract = { A very good book in database compression. It describe first the mathematical foundations of compression. Then applies these concepts to data. This is followed by a study on how to compress indices. Finally, compression of databases of images is studied. The book include the description of a database system with the same name as the book. } } @ARTICLE{ FRENCH95 ,AUTHOR = "Jim French and Ed Fox and Kurt Maly and Alan Selman" ,TITLE = "Wide Area Technical Report Service: Technical Reports Online" ,JOURNAL = "Communications of the ACM" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "April" ,volume = "38" ,number = "4" ,pages = "45" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { This is the WATERS paper. } } @ARTICLE{ LAGOZE95 ,AUTHOR = "Carl Lagoze and Jim Davis" ,TITLE = "Dienst: An Architecture for Distributed Document Libraries" ,JOURNAL = "Communications of the ACM" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "April" ,volume = "38" ,number = "4" ,pages = "47" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = { This is the DIENST paper } } @ARTICLE{ VanHeyningen94 ,AUTHOR = "Marc VanHeyningen" ,TITLE = "The Unified Computer Science Technical Report Index: Lessons in Indexing Diverse Resources" ,JOURNAL = "2nd International World Wide Web Conference, WWW'94" ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "October" ,pages = "535-543" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,abstract = {} } @INPROCEEDINGS{ YAN95 ,AUTHOR = "T. Yan and H. Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "{SIFT}---A tool for Wide-Area Information Dissemination" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proc. 1995 USENIX Technical Conference" ,YEAR = "1995" ,pages = "177-186" ,address = "New Orleans" ,note = "http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1994-7" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1994-7)" ,entered-by = "Arturo Crespo" ,keywords = "sift, digital library, selective dissemination, standing orders" ,abstract = {} } @BOOK{kicz91 ,AUTHOR = "Gregor Kiczales and Jim des Rivi\`{e}res and Daniel G. Bobrow" ,TITLE = "The Art of the Metaobject Protocol" ,PUBLISHER = "MIT Press" ,YEAR = "1991" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "CLOS, MOP" ,abstract = {This is the official citation for the MOP spec. It can also be used as a citation for an intro to the *idea* of a MOP.} } @MISC{kicz94 ,author = "Gregor Kiczales and Andreas Paepcke" ,title = "Open Implementations and Metaobject Protocols" ,year = "1994" ,howpublished = "Expanded tutorial notes" ,note = "At http://db.stanford.edu/~paepcke/shared-documents/Tutorial.ps" ,links = "(title:www:http://db.stanford.edu/~paepcke/shared- documents/Tutorial.ps)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "metaobject protocol" ,abstract = {~} } @INCOLLECTION{nier93 ,author = "Oscar Nierstrasz" ,editor = "G. Agha, P. Wegner and A. Yonezawa" ,TITLE = "Composing Active Objects" ,BOOKTITLE = "Research Directions in Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming" ,PUBLISHER = "MIT Press" ,YEAR = "1993" ,pages = "151-171" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "software components" ,abstract = {~} } @ARTICLE{salt84 ,AUTHOR = "J.H. Saltzer and D.P. Reed and D.D. Clark" ,TITLE = "End-to-End Arguments in System Design" ,JOURNAL = "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems" ,YEAR = "1984" ,month = "November" ,volume = "2" ,number = "4" ,pages = "277-288" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {Argues that you should put functionality at the higher app layers, rather than at low layers. Includes a security example} } @ARTICLE{lee90 ,AUTHOR = "Jintae Lee and Thomas W. Malone" ,TITLE = "Partially Shared Views: A Scheme for Communicating among Groups that Use Different Type Hierarchies" ,JOURNAL = tois ,YEAR = "1990" ,month = "January" ,volume = "8" ,number = "1" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Paepcke's files" ,status = "skimmed" ,keywords = "object lens, information lens, group work, schema integration" ,abstract = {They use the type hierarchies to find maximally compatible types in interpreting mail messages. If both parties know about the fields in an `equipment-request', message recognition proceeds on that basis. If one of them only knows about `request' types, that coarser understanding is used.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{malo86 ,AUTHOR = "T.W. Malone and K.R. Grant and F. A. Turbak" ,TITLE = "The Information Lens: An intelligent system for information sharing in organizations" ,BOOKTITLE = chi86 ,YEAR = "1986" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Information lens" ,abstract = {This is the original Information Lens paper.} } @BOOK{silb91 ,AUTHOR = "A. Silberschatz and J. Peterson and P. Galvin" ,TITLE = "Operating System Concepts" ,PUBLISHER = "Addison Wesley" ,YEAR = "1991" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Hector's shelf" ,keywords = "operating systems, concurrency control" ,abstract = {Textbook} } @BOOK{ceri84 ,AUTHOR = "Stefano Ceri and Giuseppe Pelagatti" ,TITLE = "Distributed Databases" ,PUBLISHER = "McGraw-Hill, Inc." ,YEAR = "1984" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Hector's shelf" ,abstract = {Textbook} } @INPROCEEDINGS{keni96 ,AUTHOR = "Kenichi Kamiya and Martin R{\"{o}}scheisen and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "Grassroots: A System Providing a Uniform Framework for Communicating, Structuring, Sharing Information, and Organizing People" ,BOOKTITLE = www96 ,YEAR = "1996" ,note = "Also published in part as a short paper for CHI'96 (conference companion)" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1999-62)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Grassroots, information dissemination, collaboration" ,abstract = {People keep pieces of information in diverse collections such as folders, hotlists, e-mail inboxes, newsgroups, and mailing lists. These collections mediate various types of collaborations including communicating, structuring, sharing information, and organizing people. Grassroots is a system that provides a uniform framework to support people's collaborative activities mediated by collections of information. The system seamlessly integrates functionalities currently found in such disparate systems as e-mail, newsgroups, shared hotlists, hierarchical indexes, hypermail, etc. Grassroots co-exists with these systems in that its users benefit from the uniform image provided by Grassroots, but other people can continue using other mechanisms, and Grassroots leverages from them. The current Grassroots prototype is based on an http-proxy implementation, and can be used with any Web browser. In the context of the design of a next-generation version of the Web, Grassroots demonstrates the utility of a uniform notification infrastructure. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{demi94 ,AUTHOR = "Giorgio De Michelis and M. Antonietta Grasso" ,TITLE = "Situating Conversations within the Language/Action Perspective: The {M}ilan Conversation Model" ,BOOKTITLE = cscw94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Terry Winograd's office" ,keywords = "Speech acts, multimedia conversations, collaboration" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{terr95 ,AUTHOR = "D.B. Terry and M.M. Theimer and K. Petersen and A.J. Demers and M.J. Spreitzer and C.H. Hauser" ,TITLE = "Managing update conflicts in Bayou, a weakly connected replicated storage system" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings 15th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "December" ,pages = "172-183" ,address = "Cooper Mountain, Colorado" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,note = "http://www.parc.xerox.com/bayou/" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.parc.xerox.com/bayou/)" ,keywords = "distributed updates, mobile operation, collaboration, weak consistency" ,abstract = {Main Bayou reference for Doug Terry's system. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{terr94 ,AUTHOR = "D.B. Terry and A.J. Demers and K. Petersen and M.J. Spreitzer and M.M. Theimer and B.B. Welch" ,TITLE = "Session guarantees for weakly consistent replicated data" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings Third International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Information Systems" ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "September" ,pages = "140-149" ,address = "Austin, Texas" ,note = "At http://www.parc.xerox.com/bayou/" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.parc.xerox.com/bayou/)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "distributed updates, mobile operation, collaboration, weak consistency" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{deme94 ,AUTHOR = "A.J. Demers and K. Petersen and M.J. Spreitzer and D.B. Terry and M.M. Theimer and B.B. Welch" ,TITLE = "The Bayou architecture: Support for data sharing among mobile users" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems \& Applications" ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "December 8-9" ,pages = "2-7" ,address = "Santa Cruz, California" ,note = "At http://www.parc.xerox.com/bayou/" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.parc.xerox.com/bayou/)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "distributed updates, mobile operation, collaboration, weak consistency" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{lam96 ,AUTHOR = "W. Lam and S. Mukhopadhyay and J. Mostafa and M. Palakal" ,TITLE = "Detection of Shifts in User Interests for Personalized Information Filtering" ,BOOKTITLE = sigir96 ,YEAR = "1996" ,publisher = "ACM" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "filtering, standing orders" ,abstract = {~} } @ARTICLE{bala95 ,AUTHOR = "Marko Balabanovic and Yoav Shoham and Yeogirl Yun" ,TITLE = "An Adaptive Agent for Automated Web Browsing" ,JOURNAL = "Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "December" ,volume = "6" ,number = "4" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "agents, digital library" ,abstract = {you give agent profile. It looks at the Web for things of interest and reports back. You give feedback} } @ARTICLE{bala97 ,AUTHOR = "Marko Balabanovic and Yoav Shoham" ,TITLE = "Combining Content-Based and Collaborative Recommendation" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "March" ,volume = "40" ,number = "3" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "FAB" ,abstract = {~} } @ARTICLE{gold92 ,AUTHOR = "D. Goldberg and D. Nichols and B.M. Oki and D. Terry" ,TITLE = "Using Collaborative Filtering to Weave an Information Tapestry" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1992" ,month = dec ,volume = "35" ,number = "12" ,pages = "61-70" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "collaborative filtering, tapestry" ,abstract = {use user annotations to help with filtering.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{resn94 ,AUTHOR = "P. Resnick and N. Iacovou and M. Suchak and P. Bergstrom and J. Riedl" ,TITLE = "Group{L}ens: an Open Architecture for Collaborative Filtering of Netnews" ,BOOKTITLE = cscw94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "collaborative filtering, value filtering" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{mack95 ,AUTHOR = "Jock D. Mackinlay and Ramana Rao and Stuart K. Card" ,TITLE = "An Organic User Interface for Searching Citation Links" ,BOOKTITLE = chi95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Butterfly, citation web" ,abstract = {Crawls a citation index db and builds a 3D graph. Includes app for exploring the graph} } @INPROCEEDINGS{paep89c ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "{PCLOS}: {A} {C}ritical {R}eview" ,BOOKTITLE = oopsla89 ,YEAR = "1989" ,links = "(title:www:http://db.stanford.edu/~paepcke/shared-documents/pclos- critical.ps)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "PCLOS, object servers, object persistence" ,abstract = {Uses PCLOS as a roadmap through issues of obj persistence. This replaces paep89b, which is the techreport edition.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{paep88a ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "{PCLOS}: {A} {F}lexible {I}mplementation of {CLOS} {P}ersistence" ,BOOKTITLE = ecoop88 ,YEAR = "1988" ,editor = "S. Gjessing and K. Nygaard" ,publisher = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag" ,links = "(title:www:http://db.stanford.edu/~paepcke/shared-documents/pclos- report.ps)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "PCLOS, object persistence" ,abstract = {pages: 374-389} } @INPROCEEDINGS{paep93a ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "An Object-Oriented View Onto Public, Heterogeneous Text Databases" ,BOOKTITLE = icde93 ,YEAR = "1993" ,links = "(title:www:http://db.stanford.edu/~paepcke/shared- documents/dialog.ps)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Dialog, schema integration, multidatabases" ,abstract = {This describes the model of the interface to Dialog} } @INPROCEEDINGS{wied86 ,AUTHOR = "Fred Friedman and Arthur M. Keller and Gio Wiederhold and Mike R. Berkowitz and John Salasin and David L. Spooner" ,TITLE = "Reference Model for {ADA} Interfaces to Database Management Systems" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings Second IEEE Computer Society Data Engineering Conference" ,YEAR = "1986" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "DADAISM" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{blak93 ,AUTHOR = "J.A. Blakeley and W.J. McKenna and G. Graefe" ,TITLE = "Experiences building the Open OODB query optimizer" ,BOOKTITLE = sigmod93 ,YEAR = "1993" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "open oodb, open implementations" ,abstract = {The authors report their experiences building the query optimizer for TI's Open OODB system. It is probably the first working object query optimizer to be based on a complete extensible optimization framework including logical algebra, execution algorithms, property enforcers, logical transformation rules, implementation rules, and selectivity and cost estimation. Their algebra incorporates a new materialize operator with its corresponding logical transformation and implementation rules that enable the optimization of path expressions. The Open OODB query optimizer was constructed using the Volcano Optimizer Generator, demonstrating that this second-generation optimizer generator enables rapid development of efficient and effective query optimizers for non-standard data models and systems.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{bald97a ,AUTHOR = "Michelle Baldonado and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Luis Gravano and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Metadata for Digital Libraries: Architecture and Design Rationale" ,BOOKTITLE = dl97 ,YEAR = "1997" ,note = "At http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-26" ,pages = "47--56" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-26)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "metadata" ,abstract = {In a distributed, heterogeneous, proxy-based digital library, autonomous services and collections are accessed indirectly via proxies. To facilitate metadata compatibility and interoperability in such a digital library, we have designed a metadata architecture that includes four basic component classes: attribute model proxies, attribute model translators, metadata facilities for search proxies, and metadata repositories. Attribute model proxies elevate both attribute sets and the attributes they define to first-class objects. They also allow relationships among attributes to be captured. Attribute model translators map attributes and attribute values from one attribute model to another (where possible). Metadata facilities for search proxies provide structured descriptions both of the collections to which the search proxies provide access and of the search capabilities of the proxies. Finally, metadata repositories accumulate selected metadata from local instances of the other three component classes in order to facilitate global metadata queries and local metadata caching. In this paper, we outline further the roles of these component classes, discuss our design rationale, and analyze related work. } } @ARTICLE{bald97b ,AUTHOR = "Michelle Baldonado" ,TITLE = "Searching, Browsing, and Metasearching with SenseMaker" ,JOURNAL = "Web Techniques Magazine" ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "May" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "sensemaker" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{ketc97 ,AUTHOR = "Steven P. Ketchpel and Hector Garcia-Molina and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Shopping Models: A Flexible Architecture for Information Commerce" ,BOOKTITLE = dl97 ,YEAR = "1997" ,note = "At http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-52" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-52)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "payment, electronic commerce, shopping models" ,abstract = {In a digital library, there are many different interaction models between customers and information providers or merchants. Subscriptions, sessions, pay-per-view, shareware, and pre-paid vouchers are different models that each have different properties. A single merchant may use several of them. Yet if a merchant wants to support multiple models, there is a substantial amount of work to implement each one. In this paper, we formalize the shopping models which represent these different modes of consumer to merchant interaction. In addition to developing the overall architecture, we define the application program interfaces (API) to interact with the models. We show how a small number of primitives can be used to construct a wide range of shopping models that a digital library can support, and provide examples of the shopping models in operation, demonstrating their flexibility. } } @TECHREPORT{cous97 ,AUTHOR = "Steve B. Cousins and Andreas Paepcke and Scott W. Hassan and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "Towards Wide-Area Distributed Interfaces" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1997" ,number = "SIDL-WP-1996-0037; 1997-67" ,note = "At http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-67" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-67)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "DLITE, distributed interface" ,abstract = {We have designed and prototyped a series of interfaces for Digital Libraries. These interfaces use CORBA objects to distribute interface modeling and rendering across machines. We describe the design tensions arising in the context of such distribution, locate existing UI technology in the resulting design space, and explain the location of our final prototype in that space. We view Digital Libraries as collections of repositories and publication-related services that may be distributed over large distances and must be accessible from many locations and through multiple hardware, software, and networking platforms. We describe our use of CORBA and briefly introduce a drag-and-drop interface developed to provide unified access to heterogeneous Digital Library resources.} } @article{yan-bool, author = "T.W. Yan and H. Garcia-Molina", title = "Index Structures for Selective Dissemination of Information Under the Boolean Model", journal = "{ACM Transactions} on Database Systems", volume = "19", number = "2", pages = "332-64", year = "1994" } @Inproceedings{yan-dsdi, author = "T.W. Yan and H. Garcia-Molina", title = "Distributed Selective Dissemination of Information", booktitle = "Proc. Parallel and Distributed Information Systems", year = "1994", pages = "89-98" } @INPROCEEDINGS{papa95 ,AUTHOR = "Yannis Papakonstantinou and Hector Garcia-Molina and Jennifer Widom" ,TITLE = "Object Exchange Across Heterogeneous Information Sources" ,BOOKTITLE = icde95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,address = "Taiwan" ,pages = "251-260" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "OEM" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{papa95a ,AUTHOR = "Yannis Papakonstantinou and Hector Garcia-Molina and Ashish Gupta and Jeffrey Ullman" ,TITLE = "A Query Translation Scheme for Rapid Implementation of Wrappers" ,BOOKTITLE = "Fourth International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases" ,YEAR = "1995" ,address = "National University of Singapore(NUS), Singapore" ,pages = "161-186" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Mediator generation" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{papa96 ,AUTHOR = "Yannis Papakonstantinou and Serge Abiteboul and Hector Garcia- Molina" ,TITLE = "Object Fusion in Mediator Systems" ,BOOKTITLE = vldb96 ,YEAR = "1996" ,pages = "413-424" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Mediators" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{labi96 ,AUTHOR = "Wilburt Labio and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Efficient Snapshot Differential Algorithms for Data Warehousing" ,BOOKTITLE = vldb96 ,YEAR = "1996" ,pages = "63-74" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "data warehousing, warehouse update, cache consistency" ,abstract = {~} } @ARTICLE{moli95 ,AUTHOR = "H. Garcia-Molina and J. Hammer and J. Widom and W. Labio and Y. Zhuge" ,TITLE = "The Stanford Data Warehousing Project" ,JOURNAL = "IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "June" ,volume = "18" ,number = "2" ,pages = "41-48" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "data warehousing" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{zhug95 ,AUTHOR = "Yue Zhuge and Hector Garcia-Molina and Joachim Hammer and Jennifer Widom" ,TITLE = "View Maintenance in a Warehousing Environment" ,BOOKTITLE = "SIGMOD Conference" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "May" ,pages = "316-327" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "views, data warehousing" ,abstract = {~} } @BOOK{wino87 ,AUTHOR = "Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores" ,TITLE = "Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design" ,PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley" ,YEAR = "1987" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "" ,abstract = {~} } @BOOK{adle92 ,EDITOR = "Paul S. Adler and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "Usability : turning technologies into tools" ,PUBLISHER = "Oxford University Press" ,YEAR = "1992" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @BOOK{wino96 ,EDITOR = "Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = " Bringing Design to Software" ,PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{shet93 ,AUTHOR = "B. Sheth and P. Maes" ,TITLE = "Evolving Agents for Personalized Information Filtering" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Applications" ,YEAR = "1993" ,publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "agents, learning, filters, net news" ,abstract = {Describes how techniques from artificial life can be used to evolve a population of personalized information filtering agents. The technique of artificial evolution and the technique of learning from feedback are combined to develop a semi-automated information filtering system which dynamically adapts to the changing interests of the user. Results of a set of experiments are presented in which a small population of information filtering agents was evolved to make a personalized selection of news articles from the USENET newsgroups. The results show that the artificial evolution component of the system is responsible for improving the recall rate of the selected set of articles, while learning from feedback component improves the precision rate.} } @ARTICLE{maes94b ,AUTHOR = "P. Maes" ,TITLE = "Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload." ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "July" ,volume = "37" ,number = "7" ,pages = "31-40" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "mail agents" ,abstract = {The currently dominant interaction metaphor of direct manipulation requires the user to initiate all tasks explicitly and to monitor all events. This metaphor will have to change if untrained users are to make effective use of the computer and networks of tomorrow. Techniques from the field of AI, in particular so-called "autonomous agents", can be used to implement a complementary style of interaction, which has been referred to as indirect management. Instead of user-initiated interaction via commands and or direct manipulation, the user is engaged in a cooperative process in which human and computer agents both initiate communication, monitor events and perform tasks. The metaphor used is that of a personal assistant who is collaborating with the user in the same work environment. The assistant becomes gradually more effective as it learns the user's interests, habits and preferences (as well as those of his or her community). Novice that the agent is not necessarily an interface between the computer and the user. In fact, the most successful interface agents are those that do not prohibit the user from taking actions and fulfilling tasks personally. This article focuses on a novel approach to building interface agents. It presents results from several prototype agents that have been built using this approach, including agents that provide personalized assistance with meeting scheduling, e-mail handling, electronic news filtering and selection of entertainment} } @INPROCEEDINGS{maes94a ,AUTHOR = "P. Maes" ,TITLE = "Scial Interface Agents: Acquiring Competence by Learning from Users and Other Agents" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium Series" ,YEAR = "1994" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {Interface agents are computer programs that employ artificial intelligence techniques in order to provide assistance to a user dealing with a particular computer application. The paper discusses an interface agent which has been modeled closely after the metaphor of a personal assistant. The agent learns how to assist the user by (i) observing the user`s actions and imitating them. (ii) Receiving user feedback when it takes wrong action. (iii) Being trained by the user on the basis of hypothetical examples and (iv) learning from other agents that assist other users with the same task. The paper discusses how this learning agent was implemented using memory-based learning and reinforcement learning techniques. It presents actual results from two prototype agents built using these techniques: one for a meeting scheduling application and one for electronic mail. It argues that the machine learning approach to building interface agents is a feasible one which has several advantages over other approaches: it provides a customized and adaptive solution which is less costly and ensures better user acceptability } } @INPROCEEDINGS{maes95 ,AUTHOR = "Upendra Shardanand and Pattie Maes" ,TITLE = "Social Information Filtering: Algorithms for Automating 'Word of Mouth'" ,BOOKTITLE = chi95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,publisher = "Addison-Wesley" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "value filtering, social filtering, search" ,abstract = {} } @ARTICLE{wino87a ,AUTHOR = "Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "A Language/Action Perspective on the Design of Cooperative Work" ,JOURNAL = "Human-Computer Interaction" ,YEAR = "1995" ,volume = "3" ,number = "1" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {In creating computer-based systems, one works within a perspective that shapes the design questions that will be asked and the kinds of solutions that are sought. The article introduces a perspective based on language as action, and explores its consequences for system design. The author describes a communication too called The Coordinator, which was designed from a language/action perspective; and suggests how further aspects of coordinated work might be addressed in a similar style. The language/action perspective is illustrated with an example based on studies of nursing work in a hospital ward and contrasted to other currently prominent perspectives } } @BOOK{tanenbaum ,AUTHOR = "Andrew S. Tanenbaum" ,TITLE = "Distributed Operating Systems" ,PUBLISHER = "Prentice Hall" ,YEAR = "1995" ,address = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ" ,entered-by = "hector" } @ARTICLE{sheth ,AUTHOR = "D. Georgakopoulos and M. Hornick and A. Sheth" ,TITLE = "An Overview of Workflow Management: From Process Modeling to Infrastructure for Automation" ,JOURNAL = "Journal on Distributed and Parallel Database Systems" ,YEAR = "1995" ,volume = "3" ,number = "2" ,entered-by = "hector" } @ARTICLE{sheth2 ,AUTHOR = "John A. Miller and Amit P. Sheth and Krys J. Kochut and Xuzhong Wang" ,TITLE = "CORBA-Based Run-Time Architectures for Workflow Management Systems" ,JOURNAL = "Journal of Database Management, Special Issue on Multidatabases" ,YEAR = "1996" ,volume = "7" ,number = "1" ,pages = "16--27" ,entered-by = "hector" } @ARTICLE{willy ,AUTHOR = "David B. Johnson and Willy E. Zwaenepoel" ,TITLE = "Recovery in distributed systems using optimistic message logging and checkpointing" ,JOURNAL = "Journal of Algorithms" ,YEAR = "1990" ,month= "September" ,volume = "11" ,number = "3" ,pages = "462--491" ,entered-by = "hector" } @MISC{coalition ,key = "workflow management coalition" ,title = "The {Workflow} {Management} {Coalition} Home Page" ,note = "At http://www.aiim.org/wfmc/mainframe.htm" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.aiim.org/wfmc/mainframe.htm)" ,entered-by = "hector" } @PROCEEDINGS{workflow ,key = "Sheth" ,editor = "Amit Sheth" ,title = "Proceedings {NSF} {Workshop} on Workflow and Process Automation in Information Systems: State-of-the-art and Future Directions" ,month = "May" ,year = "1996" ,address = "Athens, Georgia" ,note = "At http:://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/activities/NSF-workflow/" ,entered-by = "hector" } @INPROCEEDINGS{chan97 ,AUTHOR = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Evaluating the Cost of Boolean Query Mapping" ,BOOKTITLE = dl97 ,YEAR = "1997" ,note = "At http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-25" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-25)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{koll97 ,AUTHOR = "D. Koller and M. Sahami" ,TITLE = "Hierarchically Classifying Documents Using Very Few Words" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-97)" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-75)" ,keywords = "categorization, clustering" ,abstract = {The proliferation of topic hierarchies for text documents has resulted in a need for tools that automatically classify new documents within such hierarchies. One can use existing classifiers by ignoring the hierarchical structure, treating the topics as separate classes. Unfortunately, in the context of text categorization, we are faced with a large number of classes and a huge number of relevant features needed to distinguish between them. Consequently, we are restricted to using only very simple classifiers, both because of computational cost and the tendency of complex models to overfit. We propose an approach that utilizes the hierarchical topic structure to decompose the classification task into a set of simpler problems, one at each node in the classification tree. As we show, each of these smaller problems can be solved accurately by focusing only on a very small set of features, those relevant to the task at hand. This set of relevant features varies widely throughout the hierarchy, so that, while the overall relevant feature set may be large, each classifier only examines a small subset. The use of reduced feature sets allows us to utilize more complex (probabilistic) models, without encountering the computational and robustness difficulties described above.} } , "Responsive Interaction for a Large Web Application: The Meteor Shower Architecture in the WebWriter II Editor." @INPROCEEDINGS{cres97 ,AUTHOR = "Arturo Crespo and Bay-Wei Chang and Eric A. Bier" ,TITLE = "Responsive Interaction for a Large Web Application: The Meteor Shower Architecture in the {W}eb{W}riter {II} Editor" ,BOOKTITLE = www97 ,YEAR = "1997" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-35)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {Traditional server-based web applications allow access to server-hosted resources, but often exhibit poor responsiveness due to server load and network delays. Client-side web applications, on the other hand, provide excellent interactivity at the expense of limited access to server resources. The WebWriter II Editor, a direct manipulation HTML editor that runs in a web browser, uses both server-side and client-side processing in order to achieve the advantages of both. In particular, this editor downloads the document data structure to the browser and performs all operations locally. The user interface is based on HTML frames and includes individual frames for previewing the document and displaying general and specific control panels. All editing is done by JavaScript code residing in roughly twenty HTML pages that are downloaded into these frames as needed. Such a client-server architecture, based on frames, client-side data structures, and multiple JavaScript-enhanced HTML pages appears promising for a wide variety of applications. This paper describes this architecture, the Meteor Shower Application Architecture, and its use in the WebWriter II Editor.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{ketc96a ,AUTHOR = "Steven Ketchpel and Hector Garcia-Molina and Andreas Paepcke and Scott Hassan and Steve Cousins" ,TITLE = "{UPAI}: A Universal Payment Application Interface" ,BOOKTITLE = "USENIX 2nd e-commerce workshop" ,YEAR = "1996" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-8)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "upai, commerce, payment" ,abstract = {~} } @MISC{ketc97a ,author = "Steven Ketchpel" ,title = "Distributed Commerce Transactions with Timing Deadlines and Direct Trust" ,year = "1997" ,howpublished = "Poster at International Joint Conference on AI'97" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "distributed trust" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{bala97a ,AUTHOR = "Marko Balabanovic" ,TITLE = "An Adaptive Web Page Recommendation Service" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents p. 378-385" ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "February" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-40)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "fab" ,abstract = {~} } @TECHREPORT{chan96c ,AUTHOR = "Edward Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Minimizing Memory Requirements In Media Servers" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1996" ,month = dec ,number = "SIDL-WP-1996-0045; 1996-4" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-4)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{koha96 ,AUTHOR = "Ron Kohavi and Mehran Sahami" ,TITLE = "Error-Based and Entropy-Based Discretization of Continuous Features" ,BOOKTITLE = "Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery in Databases" ,YEAR = "1996" ,note = "At ftp://starry.stanford.edu/pub/sahami/papers/kdd96-disc.ps" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://starry.stanford.edu/pub/sahami/papers/kdd96- disc.ps)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @ARTICLE{koll96a ,AUTHOR = "D.Koller and Y. Shoham" ,TITLE = "Information agents: A new challenge for {AI}" ,JOURNAL = "IEEE Expert" ,YEAR = "1996" ,month = "June" ,pages = "8-10" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{saha96 ,AUTHOR = "M. Sahami and M. Hearst and E. Saund" ,TITLE = "Applying the Multiple Cause Mixture Model to Text Categorization" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Machine Learning" ,YEAR = "1996" ,pages = "435-443" ,publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann" ,note = "At http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-78" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-78)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{saha96a ,AUTHOR = "Mehran Sahami" ,TITLE = "Learning Limited Dependence {B}ayesian Classifiers" ,BOOKTITLE = "Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery in Databases" ,YEAR = "1996" ,note = "At ftp://starry.stanford.edu/pub/sahami/papers/kdd96-learn-bn.ps" ,links = "(title:www:ftp://starry.stanford.edu/pub/sahami/papers/kdd96-learn- bn.ps)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{saha97 ,AUTHOR = "Mehran Sahami and Salim Yusufali and Michelle Q. Wang Baldonado" ,TITLE = "Real-time Full-text Clustering of Networked Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI-97, Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" ,YEAR = 1997 ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "clustering" ,abstract = {We describe a initial results with a service for clustering networked documents that has been successfully integrated into the Stanford Digital Libraries Testbed.} } @TECHREPORT{twid96 ,AUTHOR = "M.B. Twidale and D.M. Nichols and C.D. Paice" ,TITLE = "Browsing is a Collaborative Processs" ,INSTITUTION = "Computing Dept., Lancaster University" ,YEAR = "1996" ,number = "Technical Report CSEG/1/96" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/research/cseg/projects/ariadne /docs/bcp.html)" ,entered-by = "Steve Cousins" ,keywords = "collaboration" ,abstract = {Interfaces to databases have traditionally been designed as single-user systems that hide other users and their activity. This paper aims to show that collaboration is an important aspect of searching online information stores that requires explicit computerised support. The claim is made that a truly user-centred system must acknowledge and support collaborative interactions between users. Collaborative working implies a need to share information: both the search product and the search process. Searches need not be restricted to inanimate resources but people can also search for other people. The ARIADNE system is introduced as an example of computerised support for collaboration between browsers. A number of systems offering varied approaches to supporting collaboration are surveyed and a structure for analysing the various aspects of collaboration is applied. } } @ARTICLE{NotkinHS+87 ,AUTHOR = "David Notkin and Norman Hutchinson and Jan Sanislo and Michael Schwartz" ,TITLE = "Heterogeneous Computing Environments: Report on the ACM SIGOPS Workshop on Accommodating Heterogeneity" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1987" ,month = Feb ,volume = "30" ,number = "2" ,pages = "24--32" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {This paper reports a workshop conducted in December 1985 as a forum for an international group of fifty researchers to discuss the technical issues surrounding heterogeneous computing environments. In particular, it discusses five basic topics of heterogeneity: interconnection, filing, authentication, naming, and user interfaces. } } @ARTICLE{SiegelDA96 ,AUTHOR = "Howard Jay Siegel and Henry G. Dietz and John K. Antonio" ,TITLE = "Software Support for Heterogeneous Computing" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = 1996 ,month = Mar ,volume = 28 ,number = 1 ,pages = "237--239" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Part of ACM Computing Surveys' special issue on Perspectives in Computer Science. Describes supports necessary for executing subtasks on different machines with diverse execution environments.} } @ARTICLE{Wegner96 ,AUTHOR = "Peter Wegner" ,TITLE = "Interoperability" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = 1996 ,month = Mar ,volume = 28 ,number = 1 ,pages = "285--287" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Part of ACM Computing Surveys' special issue on Perspectives in Computer Science. Discusses various aspects of interoperability-- the ability of two or more software components to cooperate despite differences in language, interface, and execution platforms. In particular, this paper focuses on client-server interoperability.} } @ARTICLE{Manola95 ,AUTHOR = "Frank Manola" ,TITLE = "Interoperability Issues in Large-Scale Distributed Object Systems" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = 1995 ,month = Jun ,volume = 27 ,number = 2 ,pages = "268--270" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Focuses on enterprise-wide client/server systems being developed to support operational computing within large organizations to illustrate interoperability issues.} } @ARTICLE{DayZimmermann83 ,AUTHOR = "J.D. Day and H. Zimmermann" ,TITLE = "The OSI Reference Model" ,JOURNAL = "Proc. of the IEEE" ,YEAR = 1983 ,month = Dec ,volume = 71 ,pages = "1334--1340" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {~} } @BOOK{Tanenbaum89 ,AUTHOR = "Andrew S. Tanenbaum" ,TITLE = "Computer Networks, 2nd Ed." ,PUBLISHER = "Prentice-Hall" ,YEAR = 1989 ,address = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Chapter 1 (Introduction) provides a good discussion on the OSI reference model, and the network standardization issues.} } @ARTICLE{BrightHP92 ,AUTHOR = "M.W. Bright and A.R. Hurson and Simin H. Pakzad" ,TITLE = "A Taxonomy and Current Issues in Multidatabase Systems" ,JOURNAL = ieeecomp ,YEAR = 1992 ,month = Mar ,volume = 25 ,number = 3 ,pages = "51--60" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {This article presents a taxonomy of global information-sharing systems and discusses where multidatabase systems fit in the spectrum of solutions. The authors use this taxonomy as a basis for defining multidatabase systems, then discuss the issues associated with them. In particular, the paper focuses on two major design approaches-- global schema systems and multidatabase language systems.} } @ARTICLE{ShethLarson90 ,AUTHOR = "Amit P. Sheth and James A. Larson" ,TITLE = "Federated Database Systems for Managing Distributed, Heterogeneous, and Autonomous Databases" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = 1990 ,month = Sep ,volume = 22 ,number = 3 ,pages = "183--236" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {This paper defines a reference architecture for distributed database management systems from system and schema viewpoints and shows how various federated database systems (FDBS) can be developed. It then define a methodology for developing one of the popular architectures of an FDBS. Finally, it discusses critical issues related to developing and operating FDBS.} } @ARTICLE{ThomasTC+90 ,AUTHOR = "Gomer Thomas and Glenn R. Thompson and Chin-Wan Chung and Edward Barkmeyer and Fred Carter and Marjorie Templeton and Stephen Fox and Berl Hartman" ,TITLE = "Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems for Production Use" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = 1990 ,month = Sep ,volume = 22 ,number = 3 ,pages = "237--266" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {A survey of the state of the art in heterogeneous distributed database systems targeted for production environments.} } @ARTICLE{LitwinMR90 ,AUTHOR = "Witold Litwin and Leo Mark and Nick Roussopoulos" ,TITLE = "Interoperability of Multiple Autonomous Databases" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = 1990 ,month = Sep ,volume = 22 ,number = 3 ,pages = "267--293" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Discusses the approach of multidatabase or federated systems, which make databases interoperable, i.e., usable without a globally integrated schema.} } @ARTICLE{Wiederhold95 ,AUTHOR = "Gio Wiederhold" ,TITLE = "Mediation in Information Systems" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = 1995 ,month = Jun ,volume = 27 ,number = 2 ,pages = "265--267" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {This paper introduces mediated architecture for information systems as a logical evolution of client-server architecture.} } @ARTICLE{Wiederhold92 ,AUTHOR = "Gio Wiederhold" ,TITLE = "Mediators in the Architecture of Future Information Systems" ,JOURNAL = ieeecomp ,YEAR = 1992 ,month = Mar ,volume = 25 ,number = 3 ,pages = "51--60" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Describes mediator architecture for accessing multiple information systems and discusses the related research.} } @ARTICLE{Heiler95 ,AUTHOR = "Sandra Heiler" ,TITLE = "Semantic Interoperability" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = 1995 ,month = Jun ,volume = 27 ,number = 2 ,pages = "271--273" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Discusses the issues related to semantic interoperability. The purposes are to indicate why semantic interoperability is so hard to achieve, and to suggest that repository technology can provide the beginnings of help to make it easier.} } @ARTICLE{ScioreSR94 ,AUTHOR = "Edward Sciore and Michael Siegel and Arnon Rosenthal" ,TITLE = "Using Semantic Values to Facilitate Interoperability Among Heterogeneous Information Systems" ,JOURNAL = tods ,YEAR = 1994 ,month = Jun ,volume = 19 ,number = 2 ,pages = "254--290" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Provides a theory of "semantic values" as a unit of exchange that facilatates semantic interoperability between heterogeneous information systems.} } @ARTICLE{Krueger92 ,AUTHOR = "Charles W. Krueger" ,TITLE = "Software Reuse" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = 1992 ,month = Jun ,volume = 24 ,number = 2 ,pages = "131--183" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Surveys the different approaches to software reuse and uses a taxonomy to describe and compare the approaches.} } @ARTICLE{GeneserethKetchpel94 ,AUTHOR = "Michael R. Genesereth and Steven P. Ketchpel" ,TITLE = "Software Agent" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = 1994 ,month = Jul ,volume = 37 ,number = 7 ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Discusses important issues related to agent-based software engineering, which was developed to create interaperable softwares.} } @BOOK{EngelmoreMorgan88 ,AUTHOR = "Robert Engelmore and Tony Morgan" ,TITLE = "Blackboard Systems" ,PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley" ,YEAR = "1988" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {A collection of papers that introduce blackboard systems, that provide a historical perspective of blackboard systems, that evaluate the contributions made by different systems, and that illustrate by example the range of blackboard applications and implementations. } } @ARTICLE{DenningDenning79 ,AUTHOR = "Dorothy E. Denning and Peter J. Denning" ,TITLE = "Data Security" ,JOURNAL = csurvey ,YEAR = "1979" ,month = Sep ,volume = 11 ,number = 3 ,pages = "227--249" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {This paper discusses four kinds of security controls: access control, flow control, inference control, and data encryption. It describes the general nature of controls of each type, the kinds of problems they can and cannot solve, and their inherent limitations and weakness.} } @PHDTHESIS{cous97a ,AUTHOR = "Steve Cousins" ,TITLE = "Reification and Affordances in a User Interface for Interacting with Heterogeneous Distributed Applications" ,SCHOOL = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "user interface, digital library, DLITE" ,abstract = {Steve Cousin's Ph.D. thesis} } @MISC{interopBiblio ,title = "An Annotated Bibliography of Interoperability Literature" ,howpublished = "http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/interopbib.html" ,links = "(title:www:http://www- diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/interopbib.html)" ,address = "Stanford University" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Olle96 ,AUTHOR = "T.W. Olle" ,TITLE = "Impact of Standardization Work on the Future of Information Technology" ,BOOKTITLE = "IFIP World Conference on IT Tools" ,YEAR = 1996 ,month = sep ,editor = "Nobuyoshi Terashima and Edward Altman" ,publisher = "Chapman & Hall" ,pages = "97--105" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {This paper presents the way in which international standards for information technology are organized, and what are the driving forces behind such standards. The paper abstract on the criteria for success of IT standards and suggests shortcomings in the current approach to standardization that need to be rectified to enable complete interoperability in the future.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{KayeLittle96 ,AUTHOR = "Roland Kaye and Stephen Little" ,TITLE = "Strategies and Standards for Cultural Interoperability in Global Business Systems" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 29th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences" ,YEAR = 1996 ,publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {Discusses the dynamics of standardization processes for achieving interoperability and compatibility necessary for global business systems.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{HullGrefenstette96 ,AUTHOR = "David A. Hull and Gregory Grefenstette" ,TITLE = "Querying Across Languages: A Dictionary-Based Approach to Multilingual Information Retrieval" ,BOOKTITLE = sigir96 ,YEAR = 1996 ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {This paper presents cross-language multilingual information retrieval using translated queries and a bilingual transfer dictionary. The experiments shows that multilingual IR is feasible, although performance lags considerably behind the monolingual standard.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{SheridanBallerini96 ,AUTHOR = "Paraic Sheridan and Jean Paul Ballerini" ,TITLE = "Experiments in Multilingual Information Retrieval Using the {SPIDER} system" ,BOOKTITLE = sigir96 ,YEAR = 1996 ,address = "Zurich, Switzerland" ,pages = "58--65" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" ,abstract = {This paper introduces an approach to multilingual information retrieval based on the use of thesaurus-based query expansion techniques applied over a collection of comparable multilingual documents. It shows that the SPIDER system retrieves Italian documents in response to user queries written in German with better effectiveness than a baseline system evaluating Italian queries against Italian documents.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{saha97a ,AUTHOR = "Mehran Sahami" ,TITLE = "Applications of Machine Learning to Information Access" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI-97, Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" ,YEAR = 1997 ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cres97a ,AUTHOR = "Arturo Crespo and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Awareness Services for Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science" ,volume = "1324" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "distributed indexing, data consistency" ,abstract = {~} } @INCOLLECTION{wino97 ,AUTHOR = "Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "The Design of Interaction" ,BOOKTITLE = "Beyond Calculation, The Next 50 Years of Computing" ,PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag" ,YEAR = "1997" ,editor = "Peter Denning and Bob Metcalfe" ,pages = "149-162" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "" ,abstract = {} } @INPROCEEDINGS{flor97 ,AUTHOR = "Daniela Florescu and Daphne Koller and Alon Levy" ,TITLE = "Awareness Services for Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = vldb97 ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "metasearchers" ,abstract = {Deals with prioritizing queries to information sources on the web, i.e., by first querying the ones more likely to be relevant.} } @TECHREPORT{chan97a ,AUTHOR = "Edward Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "MEDIC: A Memory & Disk Cache for Multimedia Clients" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "October" ,number = "SIDL-WP-1997-0076; 1997-9" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-9)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "multimedia" ,abstract = {} } @ARTICLE{wood97 ,AUTHOR = "Kenneth R. Wood and Tristan Richardson and Frazer Bennett and Andy Harter and Andy Hopper" ,TITLE = "Global Teleporting with Java: Toward Ubiquitous Personalized Computing" ,JOURNAL = "IEEE Computer" ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "February" ,pages = "53--59" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "shared X, ubiquitous computing" ,abstract = {They use proxies to let you access your X sessions from anywhere. They also experimented with using Netscape/Java to maintain such long-lasting sessions} } @INPROCEEDINGS{herr97 ,AUTHOR = "Ralf G. Herrtwich and Thomas Kaeppner" ,TITLE = "Network Computers---Ubiquitous Computing or Dumb Multimedia?" ,BOOKTITLE = "Third International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems" ,YEAR = "1997" ,publisher = "IEEE Computer Society Press" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Network computers" ,abstract = {Introduces the NC spec and discusses its chances} } @MISC{nets97 ,title = "CORBA/IIOP" ,year = "1997" ,howpublished = "Netscape website: http://developer.netscape.com/one/components/corba" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "netscape, corba, iiop, orb, Java" ,abstract = {Describes IIOP in Netscape One, also mentions the partners in the project} } @INPROCEEDINGS{mile81 ,AUTHOR = "John Miles Smith and Philip A. Bernstein and Umeshwar Dayal and Nathan Goodman and Terry Landers and Ken W.T. Lin and Eugene Wong" ,TITLE = "Multibase -- integrating heterogeneous distributed database systems" ,BOOKTITLE = "AFIPS National Computer Conf." ,YEAR = "1981" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Paepcke's files" ,keywords = "heterogeneous database, multibase, schema integration, global queries" ,abstract = {~} } @ARTICLE{zloo77 ,AUTHOR = "M.M. Zloof" ,TITLE = "{Q}uery-by-{E}xample: a data base language" ,JOURNAL = "IBM Systems Journal" ,YEAR = "1977" ,volume = "16" ,number = "4" ,pages = "324-343" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Paepcke's files" ,keywords = "QBE, query-by-example, queries" ,abstract = {The basic citation for QBE.} } @ARTICLE{embl89 ,AUTHOR = "D.W. Embley" ,TITLE = "{NFQL}: The Natural Forms Query Language" ,JOURNAL = "ACM Transactions on Database Systems" ,YEAR = "1989" ,month = "June" ,volume = "14" ,number = "2" ,pages = "168-211" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "query forms" ,abstract = {They go beyond retrieval, to include updates and other ops} } @ARTICLE{bati86 ,AUTHOR = "C. Batini and M. Lenzerini and S. Navathe" ,TITLE = "A Comparative Analysis of Methodologies for Database Schema Integration" ,JOURNAL = "ACM Computing Surveys" ,YEAR = "1986" ,volume = "18" ,number = "4" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Same (or very similar) article as the 'Bridging Hetero Dbs' book by Navathe" ,keywords = "heterogeneous databases, federated databases, schema" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{katz98 ,AUTHOR = "Michelle Baldonado and Seth Katz and Andreas Paepcke and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "An Extensible Constructor Tool for the Rapid, Interactive Design of Query Synthesizers" ,BOOKTITLE = dl98 ,YEAR = "1998" ,note = "Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-48" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-48)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "metadata, query construction" ,abstract = { We describe an extensible constructor tool that helps information experts (e.g., librarians) create specialized query synthesizers for heterogeneous digital-library environments. A query synthesizer provides a graphical user interface in which a digital-library patron can specify a high-level, fielded, multi-source query. Furthermore, a query synthesizer interacts with a query translator and an attribute translator to transform high-level queries into sets of source-specific queries. We discuss how the constructor can facilitate discovery of available attributes (e.g., title), collation of schemas from different sources, selection of input widgets for a synthesizer (e.g., a text box or a drop-down list widget to support input of controlled vocabulary), and other design aspects. We also describe a prototype constructor we implemented, based on the Stanford InfoBus and metadata architecture.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cres98 ,AUTHOR = "Arturo Crespo and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Archival Storage for Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl98 ,YEAR = "1998" ,note = "Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-49" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-49)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "awareness, push technology, distributed storage, cellular repository" ,abstract = {We propose an architecture for Digital Library Repositories that assures long-term archival storage of digital objects. The architecture is formed by a federation of independent but collaborating sites, each managing a collection of digital objects. The architecture is based on the following key components: use of signatures as object handles, no deletions of digital objects, functional layering of services, the presence of an awareness service in all layers, and use of disposable auxiliary structures. Long-term persistence of digital objects is achieved by creating replicas at several sites. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{wein98 ,AUTHOR = "Peter C. Weinstein" ,TITLE = "Ontology-Based Metadata: Transforming the MARC Legacy" ,BOOKTITLE = dl98 ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Michelle Baldonado" ,keywords = "metadata, ontology, bibliographic relations, catalog structure" ,abstract = {Discusses how MARC data could be transformed into a logic-based ontological model of bibliographic relations. } } @ARTICLE{paep98 ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "Interoperability for Digital Libraries Worldwide" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1998" ,month = "April" ,volume = "41" ,number = "4" ,note = "Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-24" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-24)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "interoperability" ,abstract = {Discusses the history and current directions of interoperability in different parts of computing systems relevant to Digital Libraries} } @TECHREPORT{ChangGarcia98 ,AUTHOR = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Conjunctive Constraint Mapping for Data Translation" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1998" ,month = jan ,number = "SIDL-WP-1998-0083; 1998-47" ,note = "Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-47" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-47)" ,entered-by = "Chen-Chuan K. Chang" } @article{Balabanovic98-umuai ,author="Marko Balabanovic" ,title="Exploring versus Exploiting when Learning User Models for Text Recommendation" ,journal="User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction (to appear)" ,volume = 8 ,number = 1 ,year = 1998 ,links = "(title:www:http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP- 1997-0067)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" } @article{Balabanovic98-intervisions ,author = "Marko Balabanovic" ,title = "The ``Slider'' Interface" ,journal = "IBM inter{V}isions" ,volume = "11" ,month = "February" ,year = 1998} @TECHREPORT{Balabanovic98-sigir ,author = "Marko Balabanovic" ,title = "An Interface for Learning Multi-topic User Profiles from Implicit Feedback" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1998" ,number = "SIDL-WP-1998-0089" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{chan98 ,AUTHOR = "Edward Chang and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Cost-Based Media Server Design" ,BOOKTITLE = "To appear in the proceedings of the 8th Research Issues in Data Engineering" ,YEAR = "1998" ,month = "Feb" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-42)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{chan98a ,AUTHOR = "Edward Chang" ,TITLE = "An Image Coding and Reconstruction Scheme for Mobile Computing" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 5th IDMS (Springer-Verlag LNCS 1483), p.137- 148, Oslo, Norway, September 1998." ,YEAR = "1998" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-10)" ,note = "Accessible at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-10" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) wireless network has bursty and high error rates. To combat the contiguous bit loss due to damaged or dropped packets, this paper presents a code packetization and image reconstruction scheme. The packetization method distributes the loss in both frequency and spatial domains to reduce the chance that adjacent DCT blocks lose the same frequency components. The image reconstruction takes into consideration the spatial characteristics represented by the frequency components. Combining these two approaches is able to reconstruct the damaged images more accurately, even under very high loss rates. In addition, since the reconstruction technique is computational efficient, it conserves system resources and power consumption, which are restrictive in mobile computers.} } @TECHREPORT{brin98c ,AUTHOR = "Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page" ,TITLE = "Dynamic Data Mining: A New Architecture for Data with High Dimensionality" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "google" ,abstract = {Describes a new architecture for data mining. It makes use of some of the dynamic itemset counting technology} } @INPROCEEDINGS{brin98a ,AUTHOR = "Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page" ,TITLE = "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine" ,BOOKTITLE = www98 ,YEAR = "1998" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-8)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Google" ,abstract = {Shows architecture of Google.} } @TECHREPORT{page98 ,AUTHOR = "Lawrence Page and Sergey Brin and Rajeev Motwani and Terry Winograd" ,TITLE = "The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web" ,YEAR = "1998" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1999-66)" ,institution = "Computer Science Department, Stanford University" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Google, Backrub, page rank" } @TECHREPORT{nara98 ,AUTHOR = "Shiva Narayanan and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Computing iceberg queries efficiently" ,INSTITUTION = "Stanford University" ,YEAR = "1998" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1999-67)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {Iceberg queries are queries about the 'most' of or 'biggest' of a set.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cho98 ,AUTHOR = "Junghoo Cho and Hector Garcia-Molina and Lawrence Page" ,TITLE = "Efficient Crawling Through URL Ordering" ,BOOKTITLE = www98 ,YEAR = "1998" ,note = "Available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-51" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1998-51)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "crawling" ,abstract = {In this paper we study in what order a crawler should visit the URLs it has seen, in order to obtain more "important" pages first. Obtaining important pages rapidly can be very useful when a crawler cannot visit the entire Web in a reasonable amount of time. We define several importance metrics, ordering schemes, and performance evaluation measures for this problem. We also experimentally evaluate the ordering schemes on the Stanford University Web. Our results show that a crawler with a good ordering scheme can obtain important pages significantly faster than one without.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{jame97 ,AUTHOR = "Frankie James" ,TITLE = "Distinguishability vs. Distraction in Audio HTML Interfaces" ,BOOKTITLE = "Submitted to International Journal on Digital Libraries" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1997-82)" ,keywords = "audio browser, AHA" ,abstract = {Analyzes results from a user study related to the AHA (Audio HTML Access) framework, which tested three audio browsers to determine the appropriateness of certain types of audio markings for various HTML structures. The results added another dimension to the AHA framework, so that the principles outlined in it for choosing sounds to use in an audio presentation of HTML are now: (1) Vocal Source Identity (when to use speaker changes to mark structures), (2) Recognizability, and (3) Distraction (new)} } @ARTICLE{jame97a ,AUTHOR = "Frankie James" ,TITLE = "Lessons from Developing Audio HTML Interfaces" ,JOURNAL = "ACM SIGCAPH Conference on Assistive Technologies Proceedings of the third international ACM conference on Assistive technologies. April 15-17, 1998, Marina del Rey, CA USA, pages 27-34." ,YEAR = "1998" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-45)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "AHA, audio browser" ,abstract = {Discusses application of the principles in the AHA framework to the actual choice of sounds in scenario interfaces. By looking at scenarios, we can see that other factors related to users (such as musical ability, culture, reading style, etc.) are needed in combination with the AHA principles to select specific sounds.} } @inproceedings{saha98 ,author={Mehran Sahami and Salim Yusufali and Michelle Baldonado} ,title={SONIA: A Service for Organizing Networked Information Autonomously} ,booktitle = dl98 ,year = "1998" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-48)" } @TECHREPORT{gold98a ,author={Moises Goldszmidt and Mehran Sahami} ,title={A Probabilistic Approach to Full-Text Document Clustering} ,INSTITUTION = "SRI International" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" } @MISC{CyberWeb ,author = "CyberCash" ,title = "CyberCash Home Page" ,howpublished = "CyberCash website: http://www.cybercash.com/" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "CyberCash, SET, credit card, online payment, CyberCoin, electronic check" } @MISC{DigiWeb ,author = "DigiCash" ,title = "DigiCash: Solutions for Security and Privacy" ,howpublished = "DigiCash website: http://www.digicash.com/" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "DigiCash, payment, digital cash, ecash, online payment" } @MISC{Milcnt ,author = "Digital Equipment Corporation" ,title = "MilliCent" ,howpublished = "MilliCent website: http://www.millicent.digital.com/" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "micropayment, microtransactions, online payment" } @MISC{MSW ,author = "Microsoft Corporation" ,title = "Microsoft Wallet" ,howpublished = "Microsoft wallet website: http://www.microsoft.com/wallet/" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "digital wallet, online payment, SET, credit card" } @MISC{JECFWeb ,author = "Sun Microsystems" ,title = "Java Commerce Home Page" ,howpublished = "JavaSoft website: http://java.sun.com/commerce/" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "digital wallet, JECF, Java, SET" } @MISC{SET ,author = "Visa and Mastercard" ,title = "Mastercard International - SET Secure Electronic Transaction (TM)" ,howpublished = "Mastercard website: http://www.mastercard.com/set/" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "SET, credit card, online payment, Mastercard" } @INPROCEEDINGS{DH66 ,AUTHOR = "Jack B. Dennis and Earl C. Van Horn" ,TITLE = "Programming Semantics for Multiprogrammed Computations" ,BOOKTITLE = cacm ,YEAR = "1966" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" } @INPROCEEDINGS{GEPS96 ,AUTHOR = "Alireza Behreman" ,TITLE = "Generic Electronic Payment Services" ,BOOKTITLE = "The Second USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" } @INPROCEEDINGS{PMNS96 ,AUTHOR = "Alireza Behreman and Rajkumar Narayanaswamy" ,TITLE = "Payment Method Negotiation Service" ,BOOKTITLE = "The Second USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" } @MISC{upp ,author = "D. Eastlake" ,title = "Universal Payment Preamble Specification" ,howpublished = "W3C website: http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/specs/upp.txt" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "payment protocol negotiation, UPP, online payment, JEPI" } @MISC{jcmwp ,title = "Java Commerce Messages White Paper" ,howpublished = "Sun Microsystems website: http://java.sun.com/products/commerce/docs/whitepapers/jcm_whitepaper/jcm_whitep aper.html" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "JECF, Java, electronic commerce" } @MISC{JEPIWeb ,title = "W3C Joint Electronic Payments Initiative (JEPI)" ,howpublished = "W3C website: http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Overview-JEPI.html" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "electronic commerce, W3C, JEPI, UPP" } @INPROCEEDINGS{cts95 ,AUTHOR = "B. Cox and D. Tygar and M. Sirbu" ,TITLE = "NetBill Security and Transaction Protocol" ,BOOKTITLE = "First USENIX Workshop of Electronic Commerce Proceedings" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "security, atomicity, transaction, electronic commerce, delivery, online payment" } @MISC{FVWeb ,title = "First Virtual Home Page" ,howpublished = "First Virtual website: http://www.fv.com/" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "online payment, electronic commerce, VirtualPIN" } @INPROCEEDINGS{mn94 ,AUTHOR = "G. Medvinsky and C. Neuman" ,TITLE = "NetCash: A Design for Practical Electronic Currency on the Internet" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Second ACM Conference on Computer and Communication Security" ,YEAR = "1994" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "digital cash, electronic commerce, payment" } @INPROCEEDINGS{ams96 ,AUTHOR = "R. Anderson and C. Manifavas and C. Sutherland" ,TITLE = "Netcard - A Practical Electronic Cash System" ,BOOKTITLE = "Fourth Cambridge Workshop on Security Protocols" ,YEAR = "1996" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "electronic cash, digital cash" } @INPROCEEDINGS{dasw98 ,AUTHOR = "Neil Daswani and Dan Boneh and Hector Garcia-Molina and Steven Ketchpel and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "A Generalized Digital Wallet Architecture" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce, p. 121-39 " ,YEAR = "1998" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-49)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "digital wallets, ecommerce, upai, shopping models" ,abstract = {Publishers wishing to distribute text online fear that customers will download their product and redistribute it illegally. Although constraining the users to access the data only through proprietary software that does not allow downloading helps, it still leaves the possibility that users could take screen dumps of the material to capture it. The technique described in the paper relies on the perceptual properties of the human eye, using two unreadable images interleaved quickly to create a readable image, which cannot be screen-dumped since the readability depends on averaging in the human eye. Our program flickers two images of the text each with an admixture of grey noise. Your eye sorts out the letters and reads them, not paying close attention to the grey background; but any screen dump captures the item at one instant including the noise. The text is also scrolled up and down slowly, which again your eye can track, but which would frustrate a program trying to average out the flickering.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{bgh95 ,AUTHOR = "M. Bellare and J.A. Garay and R. Hauser and A. Herzberg and H. Krawczyk and M. Steiner and G. Tsudik and M. Waidner" ,TITLE = "iKP-a family of secure electronic payment protocols" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the First USENIX Workshop of Electronic Commerce" ,YEAR = "1995" ,publisher = "USENIX Assoc" ,address = "Berkeley, CA, USA" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "cryptography, EFTS, Internet, protocols iKP, secure electronic payment protocols, Internet, credit card-based transactions, financial network, clearing, authorization, debit cards, electronic checks, public-key cryptography, key management complexity" ,abstract = {This paper proposes a family of protocols-iKP (i=1,2,3)-for secure electronic payments over the Internet. The protocols implement credit card-based transactions between the customer and the merchant while using the existing financial network for clearing and authorization. The protocols can be extended to apply to other payment models, such as debit cards and electronic checks. They are based on public-key cryptography and can be implemented in either software or hardware. Individual protocols differ in key management complexity and degree of security. It is intended that their deployment be gradual and incremental. The iKP protocols are presented herein with the intention to serve as a starting point for eventual standards on secure electronic payment.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{ak96 ,AUTHOR = "R. Anderson and M. Kuhn" ,TITLE = "Tamper resistance--a cautionary note" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Second USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce" ,YEAR = "1996" ,publisher = "USENIX Assoc" ,address = "Berkeley, CA, USA" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "cryptography, security of data, smart cards, pay-TV, electronic purses, tamper resistance, smartcards, security processors, chip testing community, secure systems" ,abstract = {"An increasing number of systems, from pay-TV to electronic purses, rely on the tamper resistance of smartcards and other security processors. We describe a number of attacks on such systems some old, some new and some that are simply little known outside the chip testing community. We conclude that trusting tamper resistance is problematic; smartcards are broken routinely, and even a device that was described by a government signals agency as the most secure processor generally available' turns out to be vulnerable. Designers of secure systems should consider the consequences with care."} } @INPROCEEDINGS{Manasse95 ,AUTHOR = "M.S. Manasse" ,TITLE = "The Millicent protocols for electronic commerce" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the First USENIX Workshop of Electronic Commerce" ,YEAR = "1995" ,publisher = "USENIX Assoc" ,address = "Berkeley, CA, USA" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "access protocols, client-server systems, cryptography, distributed databases, EFTS, information retrieval, memory protocols, transaction processing, Millicent protocols, electronic commerce, cryptography, untrusted intermediary, self-messaging, storage costs, infrequently accessed information, client-server system, prefetch unit, memory states, seek time, database,information verification, transaction aggregation service, transaction granularity scale, incomplete information, fund transfer, information retrieval, cheating, limited transaction scale, consumer risk level control " ,abstract = {"Cryptography can be useful to send yourself a message via an untrusted intermediary. Pushing the cost of storing infrequently accessed information off to the client allows the servers to run quickly: the network acts as a perfect prefetch unit for loading your memory with the necessary state for the next operation. By way of example, a server that has to store a lot of information about subscribers might buckle under the seek time of accessing subscriber records. Pushing it off to clients allows us to have the salient parts of the database arrive in memory precisely when needed, at the small cost of verifying that the information hasnt been tampered with. A service can help aggregate the transactions into a grain large enough to be acceptable to more conventional transaction handlers, without providing complete information about the transaction to the service. By making fund transfer explicit in each retrieval, all parties involved can instantly tell when theyre being cheated; by limiting the scale of transaction, consumers can control the level of risk they accept."} } @INPROCEEDINGS{sw97 ,AUTHOR = "M. Schunter and M. Waidner" ,TITLE = "Architecture and design of a secure electronic marketplace" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of JENC8. 8th Joint European Networking Conference (JENC8). Diversity and Integration: The New European Networking Landscape" ,YEAR = "1997" ,editor = "Lubich, H." ,publisher = "TERENA" ,address = "Amsterdam, Netherlands" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "business data processing, Internet, retailing, security of data, secure electronic marketplace, secure commerce, Internet, public information networks, SEMPER, business scenario, commerce layer, exchange and transfer layer, Java programming language, multimedia courseware, mail-order retailing, payment systems, ecash" ,abstract = {"Backed by the European Commission, a consortium of partners from European industry, financial institutions, and academia has embarked on a research project to develop the fundamentals of secure electronic commerce. The goal of the ACTS Project SEMPER (Secure Electronic Marketplace for Europe) is to provide the first open and comprehensive solution for secure commerce over the Internet and other public information networks. SEMPER's flexible open architecture is based on a model of electronic commerce which comprehends a business scenario as a sequence of transfers and fair exchanges of "business items", which are payments, data, or rights. This is reflected in the architecture: The exchange and transfer layer handles transfers and fair exchanges of items. The commerce layer provides methods for downloading certified commerce services and the necessary trust management. The commerce services implement the terms of business of a seller using the exchange and transfer layer services. A prototype of this architecture implemented in the Java programming language will be trialed for sales of multimedia courseware (EUROCOM, Athens, GR), on-line consultancy and subscriptions (FOGRA, Munchen, D) as well as mail-order retailing (Otto-Versand, Hamburg, D). It will integrate the payment systems SET (provided by IBM), Chipper (provided by KPN Research), and ecash (provided by DigiCash). The prototype uses a distinguished user-interface for trustworthy user in- and output which enables to use SEMPER on secure hardware." } } @INPROCEEDINGS{www98 ,AUTHOR = "Peter R. Wurman and Mechael P. Wellman and William E. Walsh" ,TITLE = "The Michigan Internet AuctionBot: A Configurable Auction Server for Human and Software Agents" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents-98)" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "Internet, auction, electronic commerce, autonomous agents" } @TECHREPORT{aas98 ,AUTHOR = "J.L. Abad Peiroa and N. Asokan and M. Steiner and M. Waidner" ,TITLE = "IBM Systems Journal" ,INSTITUTION = "IBM" ,YEAR = "1998" ,month = "" ,number = "37" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "application program interfaces, commerce, financial data processing, generic payment service, electronic commerce, incompatible payment systems, business application developers, payment instrument, common framework, application programming interfaces, transparent negotiation, payment information" ,abstract = {"The growing importance of electronic commerce has resulted in the introduction of a variety of different and incompatible payment systems. For business application developers, this variety implies the need to understand the details of different systems, to adapt the code as soon as new payment systems are introduced and also to provide a way of picking a suitable payment instrument for every transaction. We unify the different mechanisms in a common framework with application programming interfaces. Our framework provides services for transparent negotiation and selection of payment instruments as well. This allows applications to be developed independent of specific payment systems with the additional benefit of providing a central point of control for payment information and policies."} } @ARTICLE{ajs97 ,AUTHOR = "N. Asokan and P.A. Janson and M. Steiner and M. Waidner" ,TITLE = "The state of the art in electronic payment systems" ,JOURNAL = "Computer" ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "September" ,volume = "30" ,number = "9" ,pages = "28-35" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "EFTS; reviews; security of data; electronic payment systems; exchange of goods; security problems; risks; digital documents; perfect copies; digital signatures; cryptographic key; buyer's name; security measures; electronic commerce; flexibility; overview" ,abstract = {"The exchange of goods conducted face-to-face between two parties dates back to before the beginning of recorded history. Traditional means of payment have always had security problems, but now electronic payments retain the same drawbacks and add some risks. Unlike paper, digital "documents" can be copied perfectly and arbitrarily often, digital signatures can be produced by anybody who knows the secret cryptographic key, and a buyer's name can be associated with every payment, eliminating the anonymity of cash. Without new security measures, widespread electronic commerce is not viable. On the other hand, properly designed electronic payment systems can actually provide better security than traditional means of payments, in addition to flexibility. This article provides an overview of electronic payment systems, focusing on issues related to security."} } @INPROCEEDINGS{gkd97 ,AUTHOR = "M.R. Genesereth and A.M. Keller and O.M. Duschka" ,TITLE = "Infomaster: an information integration system" ,BOOKTITLE = "SIGMOD Record" ,YEAR = "1997" ,publisher = "ACM Press" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "distributed databases, hypermedia, Internet, online front-ends, information integration system, Infomaster, multiple distributed heterogeneous information sources, Internet, centralized homogeneous information system, virtual data warehouse, content translation, multiple data sources, wrappers, SQL databases, World Wide Web, WWW user interfaces, programmatic interface, meeting room scheduling" ,abstract = {"Infomaster is an information integration system that provides integrated access to multiple distributed heterogeneous information sources on the Internet, thus giving the illusion of a centralized, homogeneous information system. We say that Infomaster creates a virtual data warehouse. The core of Infomaster is a facilitator that dynamically determines an efficient way to answer the user's query using as few sources as necessary and harmonizes the heterogeneities among these sources. Infomaster handles both structural and content translation to resolve differences between multiple data sources and the multiple applications for the collected data. Infomaster connects to a variety of databases using wrappers, such as for Z39.50, SQL databases through ODBC, EDI transactions, and other World Wide Web (WWW) sources. There are several WWW user interfaces to Infomaster, including forms based and textual. Infomaster also includes a programmatic interface and it can download results in structured form onto a client computer. Infomaster has been in production use for integrating rental housing advertisements from several newspapers (since fall 1995), and for meeting room scheduling (since winter 1996). Infomaster is also being used to integrate heterogeneous electronic product catalogs."} } @INPROCEEDINGS{goldstein97 ,AUTHOR = "T. Goldstein" ,TITLE = "The Gateway security model in the Java electronic commerce framework" ,BOOKTITLE = "Financial Cryptography First International Conference, FC'97. Proceedings." ,YEAR = "1997" ,editor = "Hirschfeld, R." ,publisher = "Springer-Verlag" ,address = "Berlin, Germany" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "financial data processing, message authentication, electronic commerce, Java electronic commerce framework, Java security model, Gateway security model,digital signatures, application programming interfaces, integrated open platform, electronic wallets, point of sale terminals, electronic merchant servers, financial software, access control, multiple application environments, trusted interaction, browsers, servers, operating systems, medical systems, smartcards" ,abstract = {"This paper describes an extension to the current Java security model called the "Gateway" and why it was necessary to create it. This model allows secure applications, such as those used in electronic commerce, to safely exchange data and interoperate without compromising each individual application's security. The Gateway uses digital signatures to enable application programming interfaces to authenticate their caller. JavaSoft is using the Gateway to create a new integrated open platform for financial applications called Java Electronic Commerce Framework. The JECF will be the foundation for electronic wallets, point of sale terminals, electronic merchant servers and other financial software. The Gateway model can also be used for access control in many multiple application environments that require trusted interaction between applications from multiple vendors. These applications include browsers, servers, operating systems, medical systems and smartcards."} } @ARTICLE{aya96 ,AUTHOR = "N. Adam and Y. Yesha and B. Awerbuch and K. Bennet and B. Blaustein and A. Brodsky and R. Chen and O. Dogramaci and B. Grossman and R. Holowczak and J. Johnson K. Kalpakis and C. McCollum and A.-L. Neches and B. Neches and A. Rosenthal and J. Slonim and H. Wactlar and O. Wolfson" ,TITLE = "Strategic directions in electronic commerce and digital libraries: towards a digital Agora" ,JOURNAL = "ACM Computing Surveys" ,YEAR = "1996" ,month = "December" ,volume = "28" ,number = "4" ,pages = "818-35" ,entered-by = "Neil Daswani" ,keywords = "business data processing, costing, EFTS, information retrieval, library automation, research initiatives, socio-economic effects, strategic directions, electronic commerce, digital libraries, research requirements, case studies, research projects, USC-ISI, CommerceNet, First Virtual, NSF ARPA NASA initiative, information storage, information filtering, auditing, security, universal access, cost management, financial instruments, socio-economic impact, EFTS" ,abstract = {"The paper examines the research requirements of electronic commerce and digital libraries in six key areas. It provides case studies that describe three electronic commerce research projects (USC-ISI, CommerceNet, First Virtual) and six digital libraries projects sponsored by an NSF/ARPA/NASA initiative. The paper focuses on the following common areas of EC and DL research: acquiring and storing information; finding and filtering information; securing information and auditing access; universal access; cost management and financial instruments; and socio-economic impact."} } @InProceedings{alan97, author = "T. Alanko and M. Kojo and M. Liljeberg and K. Raatikainen", title = "Mowgli: improvements for Internet applications using slow wireless links", volume = 3, pages = "1038-42", booktitle = "Waves of the Year 2000+ PIMRC '97. The 8th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. Technical Program, Proceedings (Cat. No.97TH8271)", year = 1997, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Modern cellular telephone systems extend the usability of portable personal computers enormously. A nomadic user can be given ubiquitous access to remote information stores and computing services. However, the behavior of wireless links creates severe inconveniences within the traditional data communication paradigm. We give an overview of the problems related to wireless mobility. We also present a new software architecture for mastering the problems and discuss a new paradigm for designing mobile distributed applications. The key idea in the architecture is to place a mediator, a distributed intelligent agent, between the mobile node and the wireline network." } @Article{badr96, author = "B. R. Badrinath", title = "Distributed computing in mobile environments", journal = "Computers & Graphics", year = 1996, volume = 20, number = 5, pages = "615-17", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Rapid progress in hardware has led to the availability of portable personal computers ranging from laptops to hand-held computers (PDAs and Internet terminals). The presence of wireless connectivity gives these hand-held units the capability of accessing information anywhere, at any time. These mobile units can be considered to be part of a worldwide distributed information system. Distributed computing in mobile environments faces new challenges as more and more mobile hosts become an integral part of a distributed system. Problems in distributed computing in mobile environments are due to: (1) mobility, (2) wireless and (3) resource constraints at the mobile host. In this paper, we discuss the impact of these factors and research issues that need to be addressed in mobile distributed systems." } @Article{beig96, author = "M. Beigl and R. Rudisch", title = "System support for mobile computing", journal = "Computers & Graphics", year = 1996, volume = 20, number = 5, pages = "619-625", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Today a mobile user wants to connect his portable computer: remotely to the central database at home, locally to the printer on the spot and globally to the world-wide-web. To achieve this, different connection lines are available: wireless networks for connecting out in the fields, ISDN or analogue telephone lines when residing in a hotel, Ethernet access at the customer's site. But this connectivity raises a lot of questions, about technical, security or accounting issues. This paper presents the architecture of an environment aiming to support mobile users and dealing with the given problems." } @Article{li97, author = "Yalun Li and V. Leung", title = "Supporting personal mobility for nomadic computing over the internet", journal = "Mobile computing and communications review", year = 1997, volume = 1, number = 1, pages = "22-31", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "This paper presents a new paradigm for nomadic computing over the internet called universal personal computing (UPC), where mobile users can access computing resources, network services, and personalized computing environments anywhere using any available terminals. The concept of UPC and system design issues are discussed, and the required system architecture capable of managing different mobile objects, i.e. users and terminals, in the UPC environment is presented. Modifications of connection setup procedures between user application programs to enable addressing based on a global user identity are considered." } @Article{miah97, author = "T. Miah and O. Bashir", title = "Mobile workers: access to information on the move", key = "mobile computing; information access; pen computing; personal digital assistants; client server systems; mobile computing architecture; network topologies; hospital ward; PDA; patient records", journal = "Computing & Control Engineering Journal", year = 1997, volume = 8, number = 5, pages = "215-23", month = "Oct", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "As the development of pen computing' continues, more and more of today's computers are likely gradually to move away from people's desktops and into their pockets. The development of personal digital assistants (PDAs) has initiated this move. As these devices move into people's pockets, they need the ability to access information on the move. This article describes a generic view of a client server mobile computing architecture. It also sheds some light on the basic network topologies that have been considered previously for such systems. The scenario used is a hospital ward. Each doctor is equipped with a PDA and each ward or a group of wards with a server providing patient records. As a doctor visits a patient in a ward, the patient's record is accessed from the server onto the PDA. The doctor updates the record and sends the update back to the server." } @Article{boni96, author = "J. Bonigk and A. Lubinski", title = "A basic architecture for mobile information access", key = "basic architecture; mobile information access; globally distributed information; information exchange; mobile computing environment; Object Bus; message handler processes; type dependent message handling; object manager; dynamically changing resources; mobile environment; communication channels; user preferences", journal = "Computers & Graphics", year = 1996, volume = 20, number = 5, pages = "683-91", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "As the development of pen computing' continues, more and more of today's computers are likely gradually to move away from people's desktops and into their pockets. The development of personal digital assistants (PDAs) has initiated this move. As these devices move into people's pockets, they need the ability to access information on the move. This article describes a generic view of a client server mobile computing architecture. It also sheds some light on the basic network topologies that have been considered previously for such systems. The scenario used is a hospital ward. Each doctor is equipped with a PDA and each ward or a group of wards with a server providing patient records. As a doctor visits a patient in a ward, the patient's record is accessed from the server onto the PDA. The doctor updates the record and sends the update back to the server." } @Article{kirs96, author = "T. Kirste and U. Rauschenbach", title = "A presentation model for mobile information visualization", key = "presentation model; mobile information visualization; information environment; homogeneous access; mobile computing infrastructure; distributed information system; user requirements; display functionality; alternative display methods; recursive view generation process; influence parameters; user characteristics; display resources; data properties; user goals", journal = "Computers & Graphics", year = 1996, volume = 20, number = 5, pages = "669-81", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = {One of the visions of mobile computing is to put "all information at the user's fingertips"-to allow a user to operate on any data, any time, anywhere. The idea is to create an information environment providing homogeneous access to all data and services available in the distributed, mobile computing infrastructure. A fundamental requirement for access to such an open, distributed information system is an intelligent selection of methods for information visualization based on user requirements and available display functionality. A flexible concept is proposed that allows one to enrich the nodes of an information structure with information about which alternative display methods can be used for what parts of the node. These facets' are then used by a recursive view generation process for selecting suitable display methods while creating a visualization of an information structure. Influence parameters such as user characteristics, display resources, and data properties can be used to guide the selection process in order to create a presentation that optimally meets the user's goals.} } @Article{dunh97, author = "M. H. Dunham and A. Helal", title = "A mobile transaction model that captures both the data and movement behavior", key = "mobile transaction model; split transactions; global transactions; multidatabase environment; kangaroo transactions; split operations; concurrency control; recovery solutions", journal = "Mobile Networks and Applications", year = 1997, volume = 2, number = 2, pages = "149-62", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Unlike distributed transactions, mobile transactions do not originate and end at the same site. The implication of the movement of such transactions is that classical atomicity, concurrency and recovery solutions must be revisited to capture the movement behavior. As an effort in this direction, we define a model of mobile transactions by building on the concepts of split transactions and global transactions in a multidatabase environment. Our view of mobile transactions, called kangaroo transactions, incorporates the property that transactions in a mobile computing system hop from one base station to another as the mobile unit moves through cells. Our model is the first to capture this movement behavior as well as the data behavior which reflects the access to data located in databases throughout the static network. The mobile behavior is dynamic and is realized in our model via the use of split operations. The data access behavior is captured by using the idea of global and local transactions in a multidatabase system." } @Article{yen97, author = "Li-Hsing Yen and Ting-Lu Huang and Shu-Yuen Hwang", title = "A protocol for causally ordered message delivery in mobile computing systems", journal = "Mobile Networks and Applications", year = 1997, volume = 2, number = 2, pages = "365-72", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "There is a growing trend in developing applications for mobile computing systems in which mobile host computers retain their network connections while in transit. This paper proposes an algorithm that enforces a useful property, namely, causal ordering, that delivers messages among mobile hosts. This property ensures that causally related messages directed to the same destination will be delivered in an order consistent with their causality, which is important in applications that involve human interaction such as mobile e-mail and mobile teleconferencing. Such applications are envisioned by the proponents of Personal Communications Services (PCS). Without this property, users may receive and read original messages and the corresponding replies out of order. Our algorithm, when compared with previous proposals, provides an alternative with a low handoff cost, medium message overhead, and low probability of unnecessary inhibition in delivering messages." } @Article{kell97, author = "A. Keller and O. Densmore and Wei Huang and B. Razavi", title = "Zippering: Managing Intermittent Connectivity in DIANA", journal = "Mobile Networks and Applications", year = 1997, volume = 2, number = 2, pages = "357-64", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "This paper describes an approach for handling intermittent connectivity between mobile clients and network-resident applications, which we call zippering. When the client connects with the application, communication between the client and the application is synchronous. When the client intermittently connects with the application, communication becomes asynchronous. The DIANA (Device-Independent, Asynchronous Network Access) approach allows the client to perform a variety of operations while disconnected. Finally, when the client reconnects with the application, the operations performed independently on the client are replayed to the application in the order they were originally done. Zippering allows the user at the client to fix errors detected during reconciliation and continues the transaction gracefully instead of aborting the whole transaction when errors are detected." } @InProceedings{lee96, author = "Wang-Chien Lee and Dik Lun Lee", title = "Information filtering in wireless and mobile environments", key = "mobile environments; wireless environments; power conservation; mobile clients; palmtop computers; signature methods; real-time information filtering; wireless communication services; signature-based approaches; simple signature; multilevel signature; cost models; access time; tune-in time; wireless data networks; packet radio", pages = "508-14", booktitle = "Conference Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Fifteenth Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications (Cat. No.96CH35917)", year = 1996, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The paper describes the issue of power conservation on mobile clients, e.g., palmtop computers, and suggests that signature methods are suitable for real-time information filtering on wireless communication services. Two signature-based approaches, namely simple signature and multi-level signature schemes, are presented. Cost models for access time and tune-in time of these two approaches are developed." } @InProceedings{weis94, author = "M. Weiser and B. Welch and A. Demers and S. Shenker", title = "Scheduling for reduced CPU energy", key = "reduced CPU energy; energy usage; scheduling; battery operated systems; displays; disks; metric; CPU energy performance; dynamic control; system clock speed; operating system scheduler; adiabatic logic; reversible logic; clock-speed; Unix; workstation traces; CPU energy; performance", pages = "13-23", booktitle = "Proceedings of the First USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI)", year = 1994, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = " The energy usage of computer systems is becoming more important, especially for battery operated systems. Displays, disks, and CPUs, in that order, use the most energy. Reducing the energy used by displays and disks has been studied elsewhere; this paper considers a new method for reducing the energy used by the CPU. We introduce a new metric for CPU energy performance, millions-of-instructions-per-joule (MIPJ). We examine a class of methods to reduce MIPJ that are characterized by dynamic control of system clock speed by the operating system scheduler. Reducing clock speed alone does not reduce MIPJ, since to do the same work the system must run longer. However, a number of methods are available for reducing energy with reduced clock-speed, such as reducing the voltage (Chandrakasan et al., 1992) (Horowitz, 1993) or using reversible (Younis and Knight, 1993) or adiabatic logic (Athas et al., 1994). What are the right scheduling algorithms for taking advantage of reduced clock-speed, especially in the presence of applications demanding ever more instructions-per-second? We consider several methods for varying the clock speed dynamically under control of the operating system, and examine the performance of these methods against workstation traces. The primary result is that by adjusting the clock speed at a fine grain, substantial CPU energy can be saved with a limited impact on performance." } @Article{stem97, author = "M. Stemm and R. H. Katz", title = "Measuring and reducing energy consumption of network interfaces in hand-held devices", key = "modems; network interfaces; notebook computers; optimisation; power consumption; power measurement; wireless LAN; energy consumption; network interfaces; hand-held devices; PDA; Apple Newton Messagepad; Sony Magic Link; Metricom Ricochet Wireless Modem; AT&T Wavelan; IBM Infrared Wireless LAN Adapter; optimizations; transport-level strategies; application-level strategies; 915 MHz; 2.4 GHz", journal = "IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol.E80-B, no.8, p. 1125-31", year = 1997, volume = "E80-B", number = 8, pages = "1125-31", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Next generation hand-held devices must provide seamless connectivity while obeying stringent power and size constraints. We examine this issue from the point of view of the network interface (NI). We measure the power usage of two PDAs, the Apple Newton Messagepad and Sony Magic Link, and four NIs, the Metricom Ricochet Wireless Modem, the AT&T Wavelan operating at 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz, and the IBM Infrared Wireless LAN Adapter. These measurements clearly indicate that the power drained by the network interface constitutes a large fraction of the total power used by the PDA. We then examine two classes of optimizations that can be used to reduce network interface energy consumption on these devices: transport-level strategies and application-level strategies. Simulation experiments of transport-level strategies show that the dominant cost comes not from the number of packets sent or received by a particular transport protocol but the amount of time that the NI is in an active but idle state. Simulation experiments of application-level strategies show that significant energy savings can be made with a minimum of user-visible latency." } @Article{saty97, author = "M. Satyanarayanan", title = "Mobile Computing: Where's the Tofu?", journal = "Mobile computing and communications review", year = 1997, volume = 1, number = 1, pages = "17-21", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "A general article on recent research in mobile computing, focuses on the challenges to be faced and any possible insights to offer the field of computer science. Covers constraints of mobility, adaptation strategies and several other areas." } @InProceedings{fran97, author = "L. Francis", title = "Mobile computing-a fact in your future", key = "DP industry; laptop computers; personal computing; technological forecasting; teleworking; wireless LAN; mobile computing; future; laptop computers; telecommuting; mobile PC; wired systems; dial-up lines; wireless connections; cellphone-like radio links; interaction speed; functionality", pages = "63-7", booktitle = "15th Annual International Conference on Computer Documentation Conference Proceedings. SIGDOC '97. Crossroads in Communication", year = 1997, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Mobile computing is now at the stage where cell phones were 5-7 years ago. Laptops are frequently the choice of telecommuters who put in significant amounts of time both at home and at the office, but there is a growing group of mobile users who work from more than two locations and who expect to perform their full job responsibilities using a laptop that rarely returns to the main office. Although a mobile PC can be used without ever connecting to a network, they are typically connected with or without wires. Wired systems are most common and generally use modems with the dial-up lines found in homes or hotels. Wireless connections are increasing in popularity and use cellphone-like radio links to send and receive information, but mobile computing is not just about wireless connections; it is also about using your laptop in a hotel (in any country), at home, in a branch office or at a customer site. Using a laptop in those locations frequently reduces your interaction speed and range of functions to an unacceptable level, but recent improvements have attacked these problems. To really feel the freedom offered by mobile computing, imagine setting up overseas in your customer's spare office and working as if you were in your own office. Imagine being in a foreign country and not having to load printer drivers for each printer and load US fonts for each job in order to produce properly printed output. If this sort of future appeals to you, you're not alone. A likely and growing group is people who already use laptops. In 1996, laptops comprised 30-35% of new PCs sold, and in 1997, 72 million PCs are forecast to be manufactured." } @Article{weis93, author = "M. Weiser", title = "Hot topics-ubiquitous computing", key = "microcomputers; personal computing; technological forecasting; personal computing; ubiquitous computing; unobtrusive technology; personal computer; computing access", journal = "Computer", year = 1993, volume = 26, number = 10, pages = "71-2", month = "Oct", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The author suggests that, due to the trends of unobtrusive technology and more intrusive information, the next phase of computing technology will develop nonlinearly. He states that, in the long run, the personal computer and the workstation will become practically obsolete because computing access will be everywhere: in the walls, on your wrist, and in 'scrap' computers (i.e., like scrap paper) lying about to be used as needed. The current research on ubiquitous computing is reviewed." } @InProceedings{scho97, author = "C. Scholefield", title = "Mobile telecommunications and nomadic computing in Asia", key = "cellular radio; computer networks; digital radio; personal communication networks; mobile telecommunications; nomadic computing; Asia; Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation; strategic technology benchmarking; personal digital cellular; PDC; personal handyphone system; PHS; third generation research activities; fourth generation wireless networks", volume = 2, pages = "908-12", booktitle = "1997 IEEE 6th International Conference on Universal Person Communications Record. Bridging the Way to the 21st Century, ICUPC '97. Conference Record (Cat. No.97TH8255)", year = 1997, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "In November 1996 a number companies joined together with a research consortium known as the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) to form a North American team on a strategic technology benchmarking tour of Asia. The team met with several companies and government authorities. This paper describe the state-of-the art and anticipated future trends observed during the tour. In particular we found high growth in both personal digital cellular (PDC) and the personal handyphone system (PHS) which are projected to reach 50 million subscribers by 2000. We also gained insights into third generation research activities and a road map to fourth generation wireless networks." } @Article{leon96, author = "U. Leonhardt and J. Magee and P. Dias", title = "Location service in mobile computing environments", key = "authorisation; data privacy; file servers; network operating systems; location service; mobile computing environments; location sensing systems; location information; desktop users; scaleable ubiquitous location service; hierarchy-based access control policies; privacy; visualization", journal = "Computers & Graphics", year = 1996, volume = 20, number = 5, pages = "627-32", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "With the advent of mobile computing devices and cheap location sensing systems, location information has become an important resource both for mobile and desktop users'. In this paper, we describe some key concepts that a scaleable ubiquitous location service should be based on. Firstly, we show how such a service can accommodate multiple location sensing systems. Secondly, we discuss hierarchy-based access control policies as a flexible and powerful mechanism to protect users' privacy. Thirdly, we address some issues concerning the visualization of location information." } @InProceedings{tera97, author = "Y. Teranishi and F. Tanemo and Y. Umemoto", title = "Dynamic object recomposition for active information system on mobile environment", key = "active databases; deductive databases; Internet; mobile communication; object-oriented methods; portable computers; dynamic object recomposition; active information system; mobile environment; location-dependent information service;", pages = "220-8", booktitle = "Proceedings IDEAS '97. International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium (Cat. No.97TB100166)", year = 1997, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Location-dependent information service requires an ability to change both the information and functions provided to the mobile client according to user location and time of access. The paper describes a framework for location dependent information service, called the mobile object model. In the mobile object model, a service consists of objects that contain both information and functions. These objects, called mobile objects, are managed as distributed objects. Mobile objects are recomposed to a composite object according to user status dynamically. This composite object is then executed to realize location-dependent information service. We also propose an architecture based on the model. The architecture reduces the load of network transmission and the amount of CPU power used by the mobile client. Finally, we present a prototype system developed on the WWW called LODIS." } @Article{schn95, author = "J. L. Schnase and E. L. Cunnius", title = "The StudySpace Project: collaborative hypermedia in nomadic computing environments", key = "asynchronous transfer mode; biomedical education; computer aided instruction; electronic mail; groupware; hypermedia; medical computing; multimedia communication; personal computing; wireless LAN; StudySpace Project; collaborative hypermedia; multi-platform nomadic computing environments; health sciences education; synchronous information personalization; information use; LiveBoards; mobile computers; ATM networks; wireless LAN; Lotus Notes; spatial boundaries; temporal boundaries; shared databases; private databases; interdocument linking; information structuring; continued information evolution; asynchronous interactions; discussion group databases; integrated hypermedia mail facility; mobile interface", journal = "Communications of the ACM", year = 1995, volume = 38, number = 8, pages = "72-3", month = "Aug", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The StudySpace Project at Washington University School of Medicine is bringing together an assortment of computing and communications technologies to address the challenges of health sciences education. Collaborative hypermedia is the key integrating technology, and our goal is to provide effective any-time/any-place use of information. In StudySpace, we are using LiveBoards, mobile computers, ATM networks and wireless LANs. Lotus Notes is the primary software system. Spatial and temporal boundaries are reduced by using Notes shared and private databases, while interdocument linking allows the structuring, personalization and continued evolution of information. Asynchronous interactions over this material among developers, students and teachers is supported by Notes' discussion group databases and integrated hypermedia mail facility. However, our experience with current releases of Lotus Notes raises two important design issues that future systems must address in multiplatform, nomadic computing environments: (1) mobile interfaces,and (2) synchronous personalization" } @Article{wood97a, author = "K. R. Wood and T. Richardson and F. Bennett", title = "Global teleporting with Java: toward ubiquitous personalized computing", key = "authoring languages; graphical user interfaces; Internet; object-oriented languages; personal computing; global teleporting; Java; ubiquitous personalized computing; mobile computing; personal computing; intermittent network connectivity; Olivetti; Oracle Research Laboratory; mobile applications; LAN; Internet; X Windows", journal = "Computer", year = 1997, volume = 30, number = 2, pages = "53-9", month = "Feb", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The essence of mobile computing is having your personal computing environment available wherever you happen to be. Traditionally, this is achieved by physically carrying a computing device (say, a laptop or PDA) which may have some form of intermittent network connectivity, either wireless or tethered. However, at the Olivetti and Oracle Research Laboratory, we have introduced another form of mobility in which it is the user's applications that are mobile. Users do not carry any computing platform but instead bring up their applications on any nearby machine exactly as they appeared when last invoked. We call this form of mobility teleporting, and it has been used continuously and fruitfully by many members of our laboratory. We are extending this idea from our LAN to the entire Internet using Java as the common interface. It is still our personal X sessions that are made mobile, but now they can appear anywhere on the Internet within any Java-enabled browser." } @Article{fitz93, author = "G. W. Fitzmaurice", title = "Situated information spaces and spatially aware palmtop computers", key = "notebook computers; user interfaces; virtual reality; virtual reality; user interfaces; computer-augmented environments; Chameleon prototype; palmtop computers; high-fidelity monitor; computer-synthesized information spaces; 3D input controller; output display", journal = "Communications of the ACM", year = 1993, volume = 36, number = 7, pages = "38-49", month = "Jul", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Explores and uncovers a wide range of issues surrounding computer-augmented environments. The Chameleon prototype and a set of computer-augmented applications are described. Chameleon is a prototype system under development at the University of Toronto. It is part of an investigation on how palmtop computers designed with a high-fidelity monitor can become spatially aware of their location and orientation and serve as bridges or portholes between computer-synthesized information spaces and physical objects. In this prototype design, a 3D input controller and an output display are combined into one integrated unit." } @InProceedings{smit97, author = "G. J. M. Smit and P. J. M. Havinga and D. van Os", title = "The Harpoon security system for helper programs on a Pocket Companion", key = "operating systems (computers); portable computers; security of data; utility programs; wireless LAN; Harpoon security system; helper programs; Pocket Companion; wireless hand-held computer; service program; asynchronous interaction; mobile computing; network conditions; prototype; Inferno operating system", pages = "231-8", booktitle = "Proceedings. 23rd Euromicro Conference: New Frontiers of Information Technology (Cat. No.97TB100167)", year = 1997, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "We present a security framework for executing foreign programs, called helpers, on a Pocket Companion: a wireless hand-held computer. A helper program as proposed in this paper is a service program that can migrate once from a server to a Pocket Companion or vice-versa. A helper program is convenient, provides environment awareness and allows asynchronous interaction. Moreover helpers can be used to save processing power and to reduce communication. By migrating to the location of a resource, a helper can access the resource more efficiently. This is particularly attractive for mobile computing, where the network conditions can be poor and unreliable, and because it does not require a permanent connectivity. Security is a significant concern for helpers, as the user of a Pocket Companion receiving a piece of code for execution may require strong assurances about the helper's behaviour. The best way to achieve a high security is to use a combination of several methods. We are designing a prototype of a helper system, called Harpoon, on top of the Inferno operating system." } @Article{atki89, author = "R. Atkinson and A. Demers and C. Hauser and C. Jacobi and P. Kessler and M. Weiser", title = "Experiences creating a Portable Cedar", key = "high level languages; program compilers; software portability; Portable Cedar; machine-dependent C code; intermediate language; language-independent layer; Portable Common Runtime; Cedar-specific runtime code; Cedar language; portability; compiler; Unix operating system; performance measures", journal = "SIGPLAN Not. (USA), SIGPLAN Notices", year = 1989, volume = 24, number = 7, pages = "322-8", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The authors have recently re-implemented the Cedar language to make it portable across many different architectures. The strategy was, first, to use machine-dependent C code as an intermediate language, second, to create a language-independent layer known as the Portable Common Runtime, and third, to write a relatively large amount of Cedar-specific runtime code in a subset of Cedar itself. The paper presents a brief description of the Cedar language, the portability strategy for the compiler and runtime, the manner of making connections to other languages and the Unix operating system, and some performance measures of the Portable Cedar." } @TechReport{sher97, author = "D. Sherertz and M. Tuttle and R. Carlson and R. Acuff and L. Fagan", title = "Mobile Pen-based Access to Knowledge: Prototype for Pen-Based, Handheld, Wireless PC Access to PDQ and CANCERLIT Databases", institution = "Lexical Technology, Inc. & Stanford University", year = 1997, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = {National Cancer Institute SBIR Contract N43-CO-33066 Phase I final report. SBIR topic no. 165: Prototype fr Pen-Based, Handheld, Wireless PC Access to PDQ and CANCERLIT Databases} } @InProceedings{acuf97, author = "R. Acuff and L. Fagan and T. Rindfleisch and B. Levitt and P. Ford", title = "Lightweight, Mobile E-Mail for Intra-Clinic Communication", pages = "729-33", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1997 AMIA Annual Fall Symposium", year = 1997, month = "Oct", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @InProceedings{stra96, author = "J. Strain and R. Felciano and A. Seiver and R. Acuff and L. Fagan", title = "Optimizing Physician Access to Surgical Intensive Care Unit Laboratory Information through Mobile Computing", pages = "812-6", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1996 AMIA Annual Fall Symposium", year = 1996, entered-by = "Henry Berg", month = "October" } @Article{poon96, author = "A. Poon and L. Fagan and E. Shortliffe", title = "The PEN-Ivory Project: Exploring User-Interface Design for the Selection of Items from Large Controlled Vocabularies of Medicine", journal = "Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association", year = 1996, volume = 3, number = 2, entered-by = "Henry Berg", pages = "168-83" } @InProceedings{ram94, author = "R. Ram and B. Block", title = "Development of a portable information system: connecting palmtop computers with medical records systems and clinical reference resources", key = "Hewlett Packard computers; integrated software; medical information systems; microcomputer applications; notebook computers; records management; security of data; portable information system; Hewlett-Packard 95LX palmtop computer; MUMPS; clinical reference resources; physicians; medical information systems; family health center; hospital information system; Automated Ambulatory Medical Record System; confidentiality; password protection; data downloading; database; patient summary data; family practice programme; palmtop memory card updating; integrated software package; information management software; to-do lists; reliability; decision support software; security", pages = "125-128", booktitle = "Seventeenth Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care. Patient-Centered Computing", year = 1994, publisher = "McGraw-Hill", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The portability of palmtop computers makes them an ideal platform to maintain communication between busy physicians and medical information systems (MIS). In our academic FHC (Family Health Center), we have developed software that runs on a palmtop computer allowing access to information in the hospital information system and our FHC's AAMRS (Automated Ambulatory Medical Record System). Using a Hewlett-Packard 95LX palmtop computer, custom software has been developed to access summary data on in-patients and out-patients. Data is downloaded into a database on a palmtop computer memory card. ASCII data from a MIS is transformed into a database format readable on the palmtop. Our hospital MIS department transmits information daily on our in-patient service. We also download, weekly, a patient summary on all of our active out-patients in our MUMPS-based AAMRS. Each morning, the resident in the Family Practice program updates his palmtop memory card at a central workstation. We have made the palmtop computer even more valuable to physicians by providing an integrated software package. This package includes information management software with to-do lists, reference software such as drug formularies and decision support software. The downloading of patient information creates two important problems: security and reliability. To assure the confidentiality of downloaded patient information, the palmtop system uses password protection." } @Article{ster96, author = "B. Sterzbach and W.A. Halang", title = "A mobile vehicle on-board computing and communication system", key = "cellular radio; computerised control; data visualisation; geography; Global Positioning System; position control; satellite tracking; vehicles; mobile vehicle on-board computing; communication system; DuO vehicle tracking; fleet management system; mobile computing application; geographical information visualization; control centre; on-board unit; GPS positioning; GSM data communication", journal = "Computers & Graphics, vol.20, no.5, p. 659-67", year = 1996, volume = 20, number = 5, pages = "659-67", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The DuO vehicle tracking and fleet management system is presented as an example for a mobile computing application. The paper focuses on the visualization of geographical information at a control centre, on the design of the on-board unit and on the interaction and communication between the on-board units and the control centre. The technologies of GPS positioning and GSM data communication are presented as they are used within the system." } @Article{thom96a, author = "P. J. Thomas and J. F. Meech and J. Williams", title = "Multimedia information using mobile computers: accessing the digital campus and the digital library", key = "computer aided instruction; electronic publishing; information needs; information networks; library automation; multimedia systems; personal information systems; technological forecasting; wireless LAN; multimedia information; mobile computers; digital campus; digital library; global digital medium; information resource; digital publishing; online information delivery; library services; Internet; digital bookshop; rich multimedia data; information services; IT ubiquistructure; scholarly activities; teaching activities; interactive user access; digital classroom; SuperJANET; traditional media; personal technology; digital information; paper-based information; 140 Mbit/s", journal = "New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, Applications and Research", year = 1996, volume = 2, pages = "17-23", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The role of the information resource is changing. Publishers have been slow to adapt to the emergence of a global digital medium, but there are now signs that a great deal of information will be delivered online. However, digital publishing on the Internet with services for libraries will be a driving force in creating the global digital medium. One issue that will become increasingly relevant is how the individual user accesses rich multimedia data in the most appropriate way. The digital university campus and the digital library are becoming important concepts, with the aim that users of information services will receive information online supported by a ubiquistructure' of IT. For the digital campus, this means that scholarly and teaching activities are based on interactive access to information, and that the digital bookshop and the digital classroom are becoming possible with the development of 140 Mb/s SuperJANET links. However, libraries will not be truly digital for the foreseeable future, and they will maintain traditional and digital media side by side. We look at the digital library and the digital campus from the perspective of the individual user and his information needs. We are particularly interested in the use of small, mobile computers as access points to the global digital medium. In an environment of change (where the traditional campus and library exist alongside the digital campus and library), the most appropriate form of access technology is based on personal technology, which allows linking between digital information and traditional paper-based information." } @Article{citr96, author = "W. V. Citrin and M. D. Gross", title = "PDA-based graphical interchange for field service and repair workers", key = "distributed processing; electronic data interchange; engineering graphics; inter-computer links; maintenance engineering; notebook computers; service industries; visual databases; PDA-based graphical interchange; field service workers; field repair workers; central database; updated database; diagram recognition functionality; handwriting recognition; shape recognition; domain-based diagram recognition; off-line drawing recognition", journal = "Computers & Graphics, vol.20, no.5, p. 641-9", year = 1996, volume = 20, number = 5, pages = "641-9", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "We present an ongoing project to develop a system to provide field service workers with timely and accurate service information. The system will allow workers to download diagrams or photographs from a host computer's central database onto a PDA. The workers will be able to annotate the diagrams to reflect work performed, and later upload the annotations to the host computer, where they will be integrated into an updated database. Diagram recognition functionality is distributed between the PDA (which performs low-level shape and handwriting recognition) and the host computer (which performs high-level domain-based diagram recognition). Distributing the functionality offers a number of advantages: it allows the relatively resource-poor PDA to be part of a powerful diagram recognition environment, it allows the use of standardized hardware-based recognition facilities in a domain-based recognition system, and it allows off-line drawing recognition and storage of diagrams, thereby avoiding excessive use of slow or expensive communications channels." } @Article{weis93a, author = "M. Weiser", title = "Some computer science issues in ubiquitous computing", key = "computer networks; data privacy; user interfaces user interfaces; computer science; ubiquitous computing; hardware components; network protocols; interaction; applications; privacy; computational methods", journal = "Communications of the ACM", year = 1993, volume = 36, number = 7, pages = "74-84", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Ubiquitous computing enhances computer use by making many computers available throughout the physical environment, while making them effectively invisible to the user. This article explains what is new and different about the computer science involved in ubiquitous computing. First, it provides a brief overview of ubiquitous computing, then elaborates through a series of examples drawn from various subdisciplines of computer science: hardware components (e.g. chips), network protocols, interaction substrates (e.g. software for screens and pens), applications, privacy, and computational methods. Ubiquitous computing offers a framework for new and exciting research across the spectrum of computer science." } @Article{weis91, author = "M. Weiser", title = "The computer for the 21st century", key = "microcomputers; office automation; personal computing; social aspects of automation personal computers; laptop machines; dynabooks; knowledge navigators; information technology", journal = "Scientific American (International Edition)", year = 1991, volume = 265, number = 3, pages = "66-75", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The arcane aura that surrounds personal computers is not just a 'user interface' problem. The idea of a 'personal' computer itself is misplaced and that the vision of laptop machines, dynabooks and knowledge navigators is only a transitional step toward achieving the real potential of information technology. Such machines cannot truly make computing an integral, invisible part of people's lives. The author and his colleagues are therefore trying to conceive a new way of thinking about computers, one that takes into account the human world and allows the computers themselves to vanish into the background." } @Article{want95, author = "R. Want and B. N. Schilit and N. I. Adams and R. Gold and K. Petersen and D. Goldberg and J. R. Ellis and M. Weiser", title = "An overview of the PARCTAB ubiquitous computing experiment", key = "context-sensitive languages; data communication; mobile communication; notebook computers; office automation; optical communication; wireless LAN; PARCTAB ubiquitous computing experiment; palm-sized mobile computer; office network; Xerox PARC; computing environment; context sensitivity; casual interaction; spatial arrangement; user interface issues", journal = "IEEE Personal Communications", year = 1995, volume = 2, number = 6, pages = "28-33", month = "Dec", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The PARCTAB system integrates a palm-sized mobile computer into an office network. The PARCTAB project serves as a preliminary testbed for ubiquitous computing, a philosophy originating at Xerox PARC that aims to enrich our computing environment by emphasizing context sensitivity, casual interaction and the spatial arrangement of computers. This article describes the ubiquitous computing philosophy, the PARCTAB system, user interface issues for small devices, and our experience in developing and testing a variety of mobile applications." } @InProceedings{bumi93, author = "J. Bumiller and S. Rather", title = "Electronic meeting assistance", key = "groupware; local area networks; office automation; Electronic Meeting Assistance; meeting; local area network; personal Notepads; radio LAN; interactive white-board; Xerox LiveBoard; cooperative work; contact information; prepared notes; electronic presentations", pages = "425-6", booktitle = "Human Computer Interaction. Vienna Conference, VCHCI '93 Fin de Siecle Proceedings", year = 1993, month = "Sep", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "The Electronic Meeting Assistance (EMA) is a virtually co-located mixed system. That means that all participants of the meeting are present at the same time but not necessary at the same location (for example some people meet in a room and an external, remote expert is included via a local area network). During the meeting the personal Notepads of the participants are linked together using a radio LAN. In addition an interactive white-board e.g. the Xerox LiveBoard is used for visualisation and manipulation of common data. To assist cooperative work, the EMA system supports the exchange of information during meetings. Various information can be exchanged between meeting members, for example contact information, prepared notes and diagrams; electronic presentations could be given or a paper could be edited by the group." } @InProceedings{mora95, author = "T. P. Moran and P. Chiu and W. van Melle and G. Kurtenbach", title = "Implicit structures for pen-based systems within a freeform interaction paradigm", key = "character recognition equipment; data structures; interactive devices; list processing; notebook computers; user interfaces; implicit structures; pen-based whiteboard system; freeform interaction paradigm; Tivoli; Xerox LiveBoard; structured editing capability; free expression; ease of use; list structures; text structures; table structures; outline structures; handwritten scribbles; typed text; WYPIWYG capability; perceptual suppport; user interface design; informal systems; recognition-based systems; gestural interfaces; groupware", pages = "487-94", booktitle = "Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI'95 Conference Proceedings", year = 1995, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = {Presents a scheme for extending an informal, pen-based whiteboard system (Tivoli on the Xerox LiveBoard) to provide a structured editing capability without violating its free expression and ease of use. The scheme supports list, text, table and outline structures over handwritten scribbles and typed text. The scheme is based on the system temporarily perceiving the implicit structure that humans see in the material, which is called a WYPIWYG (what you perceive is what you get) capability. The design techniques, principles, trade-offs and limitations of the scheme are discussed. A notion of "freeform interaction" is proposed to position the system with respect to current user interface techniques.} } @InProceedings{welc94, author = "B. Welch and S. Elrod and T. Moran and K. McCall and F. Halasz and R. Bruce", title = "Applications of a computerized whiteboard", key = "computer displays; interactive systems; light pens; liquid crystal displays; multimedia systems; computerized whiteboard; infrared pen technology; rear projected liquid crystal light valve; group station; computational tools; whiteboard metaphor; multimedia presentation tool; communication device; remotely shared work surface; interactive display surface; LiveBoard", pages = "591-3", booktitle = "1994 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. SID", year = 1994, entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "A computerized whiteboard has been built using an infrared pen technology in combination with a 67 inch display. The image is formed from a rear projected liquid crystal light valve. The system was designed to support several different applications: a whiteboard that enables both capture and organization of information for informal creative meetings, a group station where computational tools can be used through the whiteboard metaphor, a communication device employing a remotely shared work surface, and a multimedia presentation tool." } @InProceedings{kant93, author = "C. K. Kantarjiev and A. Demers and R. Frederick and R. T. Krivacic and M. Weiser", title = "Experiences with X in a wireless environment", key = "graphical user interfaces; local area networks; mobile radio systems; network operating systems; X Window System; location-independent computing; wireless environment; personal display assistants; graphical user interface; server implementation strategies; MPad system; wireless local area network; hand-held wireless computing devices; media access protocol", pages = "117-28", booktitle = "Proceedings of the USENIX Mobile and Location-Independent Computing Symposium", year = 1993, month = "Aug", entered-by = "Henry Berg", abstract = "Wireless computing is all the rage; the X Window System seems to be inescapable. We have been experimenting with the cross-product, and have had mixed results. The network may not be the computer any more, but it certainly influences the way the computer performs, and adding a fairly atypical network layer cannot help but expose some underlying assumptions. We discuss a few that we found and go on to speculate about how to best push X in the direction of mobile and location-independent computing." } @Book{wear97, title = "Digest of Papers. First International Symposium on Wearable Computers (Cat. No.97TB100199)", year = 1997, key = "wearable computers", entered-by = "Henry Berg", month = "Oct" } @InProceedings{kn:icad96, author = "Frankie James", title = "Presenting HTML Structure in Audio: User Satisfaction with Audio Hypertext", pages = "97--103", booktitle = "ICAD '96 Proceedings", year = 1996, organization = "ICAD", publisher = "Xerox PARC", month = "November", note = "Also appeared in Web Techniques entitled Experimenting with Audio Interfaces, February 1998, vol 3 no 2, pages 55--58" } @TechReport{kn:cslitr, author = "Frankie James", title = "Presenting HTML Structure in Audio: User Satisfaction with Audio Hypertext", institution = "Stanford University", year = 1997, type = "CSLI Technical Report", number = "97-201", note = "Available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-83", links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1996-83)" } @InProceedings{kn:www6, author = "Frankie James", title = "AHA: Audio HTML Access", editor = "Michael R. Genesereth and Anna Patterson", pages = "129--140", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth International World Wide Web Conference. Published in Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol.29, no.8-13, p. 1395-404, 0169-7552 Elsevier Sept. 1997 ", year = 1997, organization = "IW3C", address = "Santa Clara, CA", month = "April" } @InProceedings{kn:as98, author = "Frankie James", title = "Lessons from Developing Audio HTML Interfaces", pages = "27--34", booktitle = "ASSETS 98", year = 1998, organization = "ACM SIGCAPH", address = "Marina del Rey, CA", month = "April" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-45)" } @ARTICLE{KSS97 ,AUTHOR = "H. Kautz and B. Selman and and M. Shah" ,TITLE = "Referral Web: Combining Social Networks and collaborative Filtering" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "March" ,volume = "40" ,number = "3" ,pages = "63-65" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = { One of the most effective channels for disseminating information and expertise within an organization is its informal social network of collaborators, colleagues and friends. Manually searching for a referral chain can be a frustrating and time-consuming task. One is faced with the trade-off of contacting a large number of individuals at each step, and thus straining both the time and goodwill of the possible respondents, or of contacting a smaller, more focused set, and being more likely to fail to locate an appropriate expert. In response to these problems, we are building ReferralWeb, an interactive system for reconstructing, visualizing and searching social networks on the World Wide Web. Simulation experiments we ran before we began construction of ReferralWeb showed that automatically generated referrals can be highly successful in locating experts in a large network. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{RISBR94 ,AUTHOR = "P. Resnick and N. Iacovou and M. Suchak and P. Bergstrom and J. Riedl" ,TITLE = "GroupLens: an open architecture for collaborative filtering of netnews" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Work" ,YEAR = "1994" ,publisher = "Transcending Boundaries" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = { Collaborative filters help people make choices based on the opinions of other people. GroupLens is a system for collaborative filtering of netnews, to help people find articles they will like in the huge stream of available articles. News reader clients display predicted scores and make it easy for users to rate articles after they read them. Rating servers, called Better Bit Bureaus, gather and disseminate the ratings. The rating servers predict scores based on the heuristic that people who agreed in the past will probably agree again. Users can protect their privacy by entering ratings under pseudonyms, without reducing the effectiveness of the score prediction. The entire architecture is open: alternative software for news clients and Better Bit Bureaus can be developed independently and can interoperate with the components we have developed. } } @ARTICLE{KMMHGR97 ,AUTHOR = "J.A. Konstan and B.N. Miller and D. Maltz and J.L. Herlocker and L.R. Gordon and J. Riedl" ,TITLE = "GroupLens: Applying Collaborative Filtering to Usenet News" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "March" ,volume = "40" ,number = "3" ,pages = "77-87" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {The GroupLens project designed, implemented and evaluated a collaborative filtering system for Usenet news-a high-volume, high-turnover discussion list service on the Internet. Usenet newsgroups (the individual discussion lists) may carry hundreds of messages each day. The combination of high volume and personal taste made Usenet news a promising candidate for collaborative filtering. More formally, we determined that the potential predictive utility for Usenet news was very high. GroupLens has proved to be an experimental success and it shows promise as a viable service for all Usenet news users. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{MRK97 ,AUTHOR = "B. Miller and J. Riedl and J. Konstan" ,TITLE = "Experiences with GroupLens: Making Usenet useful again" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of Usenix Winter Technical 1997 Conference" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" } @ARTICLE{GNOT92 ,AUTHOR = "D. Goldberg and D. Nichols and B.M. Oki and D. Terry" ,TITLE = "Using collaborative filtering to weave an information tapestry" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1992" ,volume = "35" ,number = "12" ,pages = "61-70" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Tapestry is an experimental mail system developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. The system manages an in-coming stream of electronic documents, including E-mail, newswire stories and NetNews articles. The system implements a novel mechanism for collaborative filtering in which users annotate documents before the documents art filtered. Because annotations are not available at the time a new document arrives, the system supports continuous queries that examine the entire database of documents and take into account newly introduced annotations during the filtering process. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{HSRF95 ,AUTHOR = "W. Hill and L. Stead and M. Rosenstein and G. Furnas" ,TITLE = "Recommending and evaluating choices in a virtual community of use" ,BOOKTITLE = chi95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {When making a choice in the absence of decisive first-hand knowledge, choosing as other like-minded, similarly-situated people have successfully chosen in the past is a good strategy-in effect, using other people as filters and guides: filters to strain out potentially bad choices and guides to point out potentially good choices. Current human-computer interfaces largely ignore the power of the social strategy. For most choices within an interface, new users are left to fend for themselves and if necessary, to pursue help outside of the interface. We present a general history-of-use method that automates a social method for informing choice and report on how it fares in the context of a fielded test case: the selection of videos from a large set. The positive results show that communal history-of-use data can serve as a powerful resource for use in interfaces. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{MAEH95 ,AUTHOR = "D. Maltz and K. Ehrlich" ,TITLE = "Pointing the way: Active collaborative filtering" ,BOOKTITLE = chi95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Collaborative filtering is based on the premise that people looking for information should be able to make use of what others have already found and evaluated. Current collaborative filtering systems provide tools for readers to filter documents based on aggregated ratings over a changing group of readers. Motivated by the results of a study of information sharing, we describe a different type of collaborative filtering system in which people who find interesting documents actively send "pointers" to those documents to their colleagues. A "pointer" contains a hypertext link to the source document as well as contextual information to help the recipient determine the interest relevance of the document prior to accessing it. Preliminary data suggest that people are using the system in anticipated and unanticipated ways, as well as creating information digests. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{MOSH94 ,AUTHOR = "M. Morita and Y. Shinoda" ,TITLE = "Information filtering based on user behavior analysis and best match text retrieval" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval" ,YEAR = "1994" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Information filtering systems have potential power that may provide an efficient means of navigating through a large and diverse data space. However, current information filtering technology heavily depends on a user's active participation for describing his interest in information items, forcing him to accept an extra load to overcome the already loaded situation. Furthermore, because the user's interests are often expressed in a discrete format, such as a set of keywords, sometimes augmented with if-then rules, it is difficult to express ambiguous interests, which users often want to do. We propose a technique that uses user behavior monitoring to transparently capture the user's information interests, and a technique to use these interests to filter incoming information in a very efficient way. It is verified by conducting a field experiment and a series of simulations that the proposed techniques perform very well. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{SHMA95 ,AUTHOR = "U. Shardanand and P. Maes" ,TITLE = "Social information filtering: Algorithms for automating ``word of mouth.''" ,BOOKTITLE = chi95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,publisher = "ACM" ,address = "New York" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {We describe a technique for making personalized recommendations from any type of database to a user based on similarities between the interest profile of that user and those of other users. In particular, we discuss the implementation of a networked system called Ringo, which makes personalized recommendations for music albums and artists. Ringo's database of users and artists grows dynamically as more people use the system and enter more information. Four different algorithms for making recommendations by using social information filtering were tested and compared. We present quantitative and qualitative results obtained from the use of Ringo by more than 2000 people. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{LIEB95 ,AUTHOR = "Henry Lieberman" ,TITLE = "Letizia: An Agent that Assists Web Browsing" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence" ,YEAR = "1995" ,editor = "C.S. Mellish" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Letizia is a user interface agent that assists a user browsing the World Wide Web. As the user operates a conventional Web browser such as Netscape, the agent tracks user behaviour and attempts to anticipate items of interest by doing concurrent, autonomous exploration of links from the user's current position. The agent automates a browsing strategy consisting of a best first search augmented by heuristics inferring user interest from browsing behaviour. } } @ARTICLE{MAES94 ,AUTHOR = "P. Maes" ,TITLE = "Agents that reduce work and information overload" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "July" ,volume = "37" ,number = "7" ,pages = "30-40" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {The currently dominant interaction metaphor of direct manipulation requires the user to initiate all tasks explicitly and to monitor all events. This metaphor will have to change if untrained users are to make effective use of the computer and networks of tomorrow. Techniques from the field of AI, in particular so-called "autonomous agents", can be used to implement a complementary style of interaction, which has been referred to as indirect management. Instead of user-initiated interaction via commands and or direct manipulation, the user is engaged in a cooperative process in which human and computer agents both initiate communication, monitor events and perform tasks. The metaphor used is that of a personal assistant who is collaborating with the user in the same work environment. The assistant becomes gradually more effective as it learns the user's interests, habits and preferences (as well as those of his or her community). } } @ARTICLE{MOMA98 ,AUTHOR = "A. Moukas and P. Maes" ,TITLE = "Amalthaea: An Evolving Information Filtering and Discovery System for the WWW" ,JOURNAL = "Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Amalthaea is an evolving, multiagent ecosystem for personalized filtering, discovery and monitoring of information sites. Amalthaea's primary application domain is the World-Wide-Web and its main purpose is to assist its users in finding interesting information. Two different categories of agents are introduced in the system: filtering agents that model and monitor the interests of the user and discovery agents that model the information sources. A market-like ecosystem where the agents evolve, compete and collaborate is presented: agents that are useful to the user or other agents reproduce while low- performing agents are destroyed. Results from various experiments with different system configurations and varying ratios of user interests versus agents in the system are presented. Finally issues like fine-tuning the initial parameters of the system and establishing and maintaining equilibria in the ecosystem are discussed. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{JFM97 ,AUTHOR = "T. Joachims and D. Freitag and T. Mitchell" ,TITLE = "WebWatcher: A Tour Guide for the World Wide Web" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of IJCAI97" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {We describe WebWatcher as a tour guide agent for the web, the learning algorithms used by WebWatcher, experimental results based on learning from thousands of users, and lessons learned from this case study of tour guide agents. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{AFJM95 ,AUTHOR = "R. Armstrong and D. Freitag and T. Joachims and T. Mitchell" ,TITLE = "WebWatcher: A Learning Apprentice for the World Wide Web" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {We describe an information seeking assistant for the world wide web. This agent, called WebWatcher, interactively helps users locate desired information by employing learned knowledge about which hyperlinks are likely to lead to the target information. } } @ARTICLE{BASH97 ,AUTHOR = "M. Balabanovic and Y. Shoham" ,TITLE = "Fab: content-based collaborative recommendation" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "March" ,volume = "40" ,number = "3" ,pages = "66-72" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Online readers are in need of tools to help them cope with the mass of content that is available on the World Wide Web. In traditional media, readers are provided assistance in making selections. This includes both implicit assistance in the form of editorial oversight and explicit assistance in the form of recommendation services such as movie reviews and restaurant guides. The electronic medium offers new opportunities to create recommendation services, ones that adapt over time to track users' evolving interests. Fab is such a recommendation system for the Web, and has been operational in several versions since December 1994. By combining both collaborative and content-based filtering systems, Fab may eliminate many of the weaknesses found in each approach. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{BASH95 ,AUTHOR = "M. Balabanovic and Y. Shoham" ,TITLE = "Learning information retrieval agents: Experiments with automated web browsing" ,BOOKTITLE = "AAAI spring symposium on Information Gathering" ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {The current exponential growth of the Internet precipitates a need for new tools to help people cope with the volume of information. To complement recent work on creating searchable indexex of the World-Wide Web and systems for filtering incoming e-mail and Usenet news articles, we describe a system which helps users keep abreast of new and interesting information. Every day it presents a selection of interesting web pages. The user evaluates each page, and given this feedback the system adapts and attempts to produce better pages the following day. We prsent some early results from an AI programming class to whom this was set as a project, and then describe our current implementation. Over the course of 24 days the output of our system was compared to both randomly-selected and human-selected pages. It consistently performed better than the random pages, and was better than the human-selected pages half of the time.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{SKS98 ,AUTHOR = "S. Schechter and M. Krishnan and M. Smith" ,TITLE = "Using path profiles to predict HTTP request" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of 7th International World Wide Web Conference" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Webmasters often use the following rule of thumb to ensure that HTTP server performance does not degrade when traffic is its heaviest provide twice the server capacity required to handle your site's average load. As a result the server will spend half of its CPU cycles idle during normal operation. These cycles could be used to reduce the latency of a significant subset of HTTP transactions handled by the server. In this paper we introduce the use of path profiles for describing HTTP request behavior and describe an algorithm for efficiently creating these profiles. We then show that we can predict request behavior using path profiles with high enough probability to justify generating dynamic content before the client requests it. If requests are correctly predicted and pre-generated by the server, the end user will witness significantly lower latencies for these requests.} } @ARTICLE{RUPO97 ,AUTHOR = "J. Rucker and M.J. Polanco" ,TITLE = "Siteseer: personalized navigation for the Web" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "March" ,volume = "40" ,number = "3" ,pages = "73-75" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Siteseer is a World Wide Web page recommendation system that uses an individual's bookmarks and the organization of bookmarks within folders for predicting and recommending relevant pages. Siteseer utilizes each user's bookmarks as an implicit declaration of interest in the underlying content, and the user's grouping behavior (such as the placement of subjects in folders) as an indication of semantic coherency or relevant groupings between subjects. In addition, Siteseer treats folders as a personal classification system which enables it to contextualize recommendations into classes defined by the user. Over time, Siteseer learns each user's preferences and the categories through which they view the world, and at the same time it learns, for each Web page, how different communities or affinity-based clusters of users regard it. Siteseer then delivers personalized recommendations of online content and Web pages, organized according to each user's folders. } } @ARTICLE{THAMC97 ,AUTHOR = "L. Terveen and W. Hill and B. Amento and D. McDonald and J. Creter" ,TITLE = "PHOAKS: a system for sharing recommendations" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "March" ,volume = "40" ,number = "3" ,pages = "59-62" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Finding relevant, high-quality information on the World Wide Web is a difficult problem. PHOAKS (People Helping One Another Know Stuff) is an experimental system that addresses this problem through a collaborative filtering approach. PHOAKS works by automatically recognizing, tallying and redistributing recommendations of Web resources mined from Usenet news messages. } } @ARTICLE{FODU92 ,AUTHOR = "P.W. Foltz and S.T. Dumais" ,TITLE = "Personalized information delivery: an analysis of information methods" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1992" ,month = "December" ,volume = "35" ,number = "12" ,pages = "51-60" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {With the increasing availability of information in electronic form, it becomes more important and feasible to have automatic methods to filter information. The results of an experiment aimed at determining the effectiveness of four information-filtering methods in the domain of technical reports are presented. The experiment was conducted over a six-month period with 34 users and over 150 new reports published each month. Overall, the authors conclude that filtering methods show promise for presenting personalized information. } } @ARTICLE{LOEB92 ,AUTHOR = "S. Loeb" ,TITLE = "Architecting personalized delivery of multimedia information" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1992" ,month = "December" ,volume = "35" ,number = "12" ,pages = "39-48" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Information filters are essential mediators between information sources and their users. In most cases, both the information sources and the information users possess no mutual knowledge that can guide them in finding the information most relevant for the users' momentary and long-term needs. Filters, which are positioned logically as 'third parties' to the communication between users and sources, should possess both the knowledge and the functionality to examine the information in the sources and to forward the information 'they judge' as relevant to individual users. The author views the information-filtering process as dependent on the application domain in which it operates and on the context in which it is used. An introduction is given to some of the dimensions which can help distinguish the variety of known filtering applications and usage scenarios and a description is given of a novel filtering model for casual users and its implementation in the Lyric-Times personalized music system. This model utilizes a stored long-term user profile and involves time explicitly in its selection criteria. } } @ARTICLE{HIHO94 ,AUTHOR = "W. Hill and J. Hollan" ,TITLE = "History-Enriched Digital Objects: Prototypes and Policy Issues" ,JOURNAL = "The Information Society" ,YEAR = "1994" ,month = "April-June" ,volume = "10" ,number = "2" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Recording on digital objects (e. g. reports, forms, contracts, mail-order catalogs, source code, manual pages, email, spreadsheets, menus) the interaction events that comprise their use makes it possible on future occasions, when the objects are used again, to display graphical abstractions of the accrued histories as parts of the objects themselves. For example, co-authors of a report can see stable and unstable sections (lines of text are marked by recency of changes or amount of editing) and identify who has written what and when. In the case of reading documentation, a reader can see who else has previously read a particular section of interest. While using a spreadsheet to refine a budget, the count of edits per spreadsheet cell can be mapped onto grayscale to give an impression of which budget numbers have been reworked the most and least. Or in the context of learning unfamiliar menu selections in a new piece of software, the menu itself can depict the distribution statistics of colleagues' previous menu selections in the same or similar contexts. There are many existing computational devices that hint at the prospect of history-enriched digital objects. Automatic change-bars, citation indices, and download counts on computer bulletin boards are examples. In fact, for the last thirteen years, members of our lab have been able to request AP News articles by specifying a minimum number of previous readers and thus easily retrieve articles that colleagues have chosen to read. } } %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % Google : Stanford % @INPROCEEDINGS{BRPA98 ,AUTHOR = "S. Brin and L. Page" ,TITLE = "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of 7th World Wide Web Conference" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {In this paper, we present Google, a prototype of a large-scale search engine which makes heavy use of the structure present in hypertext. Google is designed to crawl and index the Web efficiently and produce much more satisfying search results than existing systems. The prototype with a full text and hyperlink database of at least 24 million pages is available at http://google.stanford.edu/ To engineer a search engine is a challenging task. Search engines index tens to hundreds of millions of web pages involving a comparable number of distinct terms. They answer tens of millions of queries every day. Despite the importance of large-scale search engines on the web, very little academic research has been done on them. Furthermore, due to rapid advance in technology and web proliferation, creating a web search engine today is very different from three years ago. This paper provides an in-depth description of our large-scale web search engine -- the first such detailed public description we know of to date. Apart from the problems of scaling traditional search techniques to data of this magnitude, there are new technical challenges involved with using the additional information present in hypertext to produce better search results. This paper addresses this question of how to build a practical large-scale system which can exploit the additional information present in hypertext. Also we look at the problem of how to effectively deal with uncontrolled hypertext collections where anyone can publish anything they want. } } %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % MetaData architecture: PICS, ComMentor % @ARTICLE{REMI96 ,AUTHOR = "P. Resnick and J. Miller" ,TITLE = "PICS: Internet Access Controls Without Censorship" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1996" ,volume = "39" ,number = "10" ,pages = "87-93" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {With its recent explosive growth, the Internet now faces a problem inherent in all media that serve diverse audiences: not all materials are appropriate for every audience. Societies have tailored their responses to the characteristics of the media [1, 3]: in most countries, there are more restrictions on broadcasting than on the distribution of printed materials. Any rules about distribution, however, will be too restrictive from some perspectives, yet not restrictive enough from others. We can do better-we can meet diverse needs by controlling reception rather than distribution. In the TV industry, this realization has led to the V-chip, a system for blocking reception based on labels embedded in the broadcast stream. } } @ARTICLE{RWP95 ,AUTHOR = "M. Roscheisen and T. Winograd and A. Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Content Rating and Other Third-Party Value-Added Applications for the World-Wide Web" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib magazine" ,YEAR = "1995" ,month = "August" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Imagine you want to know what your colleagues in the interest group DLissues have found worth seeing lately. In your browser, you select "Tour annotation set DLissues", with the filter set to "annotations newly created since yesterday". You get a report containing pointers to annotated locations in various documents; you inspect some of these links with a comment previewer. Sara evidently appreciated a paper on security in the proceedings of a conference last year--she gave it the highest ranking on her personal scale. You click on the link and jump to the annotated section in the paper. You scan it up and down and wonder whether the security research group you know at another university has any opinion on this paper. You turn on their annotation set SecurityPapers, which you can access free of charge since your school has a site licensing agreement. You see that they have made a "trailmarker annotation" to the top of the paper. You inspect the annotation icon with the previewer: it says that the paper you are viewing is really subsumed now by the one at a more recent conference which the trail marker points to. With another click you jump to this more recent paper, which turns out to be written even more clearly. You go back to reply to Sara's original comment and include a pointer to the SecurityPapers set. } } %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % WebGlimpse : U of Arizona % @INPROCEEDINGS{MSG97 ,AUTHOR = "U. Manber and M. Smith and B. Gopal" ,TITLE = "WebGlimpse: Combining Browsing and Searching" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of 1997 Usenix Technical Conference" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {The two paradigms of searching and browsing are currently almost always used separately. One can either look at the library card catalog, or browse the shelves; one can either search large WWW sites (or the whole web), or browse page by page. In this paper we describe a software tool we developed, called WebGlimpse, that combines the two paradigms. It allows the search to be limited to a neighborhood of the current document. WebGlimpse automatically analyzes collections of web pages and computes those neighborhoods (at indexing time). With WebGlimpse users can browse at will, using the same pages; they can also jump from each page, through a search to close-by pages related to their needs. } } @ARTICLE{BEBR92 ,AUTHOR = "N.J. Belkin and W. Bruce Croft" ,TITLE = "Information filtering and information retrieval: two sides of same coin?" ,JOURNAL = cacm ,YEAR = "1992" ,month = "December" ,volume = "35" ,number = "12" ,pages = "29-38" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {A comparison is made between information retrieval and information filtering. The authors determine that information filtering is a well defined process. By examining its foundations and comparing it to the foundations of the IR enterprise, the authors find there is very little difference between filtering and retrieval at an abstract level. They conclude that the two enterprises have the same goal; namely they are both concerned with getting information to people who need it. However, the authors emphasize that IR research has ignored some aspects of the general problem which both IR and information filtering address, and that these aspects are precisely those which especially relevant to the specific contexts of filtering. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{CRB98 ,AUTHOR = "M. Chalmers and K. Rodden and D. Brodbeck" ,TITLE = "The order of things: activity-centered information access" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 7th World Wide Web Conference" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {This paper focuses on the representation and access of Web-based information, and how to make such a representation adapt to the activities or interests of individuals within a community of users. The heterogeneous mix of information on the Web restricts the coverage of traditional indexing techniques and so limits the power of search engines. In contrast to traditional methods, and in a way that extends collavotaive filtering approaches, the path model centers representation on usage histories rather than content analysis. By putting activity at the center of representation and not the periphery, the path model concentrates on the reader not the author and the brower not the site. We describe metrics of similarity based on the path model, and their application in a URL recommender tool and in visualising sets of URLs. } } %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % Crawling % @INPROCEEDINGS{HJMPSU98 ,AUTHOR = "M. Hersovici and M. Jacovi and Y. Maarek and D. Pelleg and M. Shtalhaim and S. Ur" ,TITLE = "The shark-search algorithm - An application: tailored Web site mapping" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 7th World Wide Web Conference" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {This paper introduces the shark search algorithm, a refined version of the first dynamic Web search lgorithms, the fish search. The shark-search has been embodied into a dynamic Web site mapping that enables users to tailor Web maps to their interests. Preliminary experiments show significant improvement over the original fish-search algorithm.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{MIBH98 ,AUTHOR = "R. Miller and K. Bharat" ,TITLE = "SPHINX: a framework for creating personal site-specific Web crawlers" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 7th World Wide Web Conference" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {Crawlers, also called robots and spiders, are programs that browse the World Wide Web autonomously. This paper describes SPHINX, a Java toolkit and interactive development environment for Web crawlers. Unlike other crawler development systems, SPHINX is geared towards developming crawlers that are Web-site specific, personally customized, and relocatable. SPHINX allows site-specific crawling rules to be encapsulated and reused in content analyzers, known as classifiers. Personal crawling tasks can be performed in the Crawler Workbench, an interactive environment for crawler development and testing. For efficiency, relocatable crawlers developed using SPHINX can be uploaded and executed on a remote Web server.} } %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % Adaptive WebSite: University of Washington % @INPROCEEDINGS{PEET97 ,AUTHOR = "M. Perkowitz and O. Etzioni" ,TITLE = "Adaptive Web Sites: an AI Challenge" ,BOOKTITLE = "Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Intelligence" ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {The creation of a complex web site is a thorny problem in user interface design. First, differnt visitors have distinct goals. Second, even a single visitor may have different needs at different times. Much of the information at the site may also be dynamic or time-dependent. Third, as the site grows and evolves, its original design may no longer be appropriate. Finally, a site may be designed for a particular purpose but used in unexpected ways. Web servers record data about user interactions and accumulate this data over time. We believe that AI techniques can be used to examine user access logs in order to automatically improve the site. We challenge the AI community to create adaptive web sites: sites that automatically improve their organization and presentation based on user access data. Several unrelated research projects in plan recognition, machine learning, knowledge representation, and user modeling have begun to explore aspects of this problem. We hope that posing this challenge explicitly will bring these projects together and stimulate fundamental AI research. Success would have a broad and highly visible impact on the web and the AI community. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{PEET98 ,AUTHOR = "M. Perkowitz and O. Etzioni" ,TITLE = "Adaptive Web Sites: Automatically Synthesizing Web Pages" ,BOOKTITLE = "Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" ,abstract = {The creation of a complex web site is a thorny problem user interface design. In IJCAI '97, we challenged the AI community to address this problem by creating adaptive web sites: sites that automatically improve their organization and presentation by min- ing visitor access data collected in Web server logs. In this paper we introduce our own approach to this broad challenge. Specifically, we investigate the problem of index page synthesis --- the automatic creation of pages that facilitate a visitor's navigation of a Web site. First, we formalize this problem as a clustering problem and introduce a novel approach to clustering, which we call cluster mining: Instead of attempting to partition the entire data space into disjoint clusters, we search for a small number of cohesive (and possibly overlapping) clusters. Next, we present PageGather, a cluster mining algorithm that takes Web server logs as input and outputs the contents of candidate index pages. Finally, we show experimentally that Page-Gather is both faster (by a factor of three) and more effective than traditional clustering algorithms on this task. Our experiment relies on access logs collected over a month from an actual web site. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{MOSH94a ,AUTHOR = "M. Morita and Y. Shinoda" ,TITLE = "Information filtering based on user behavior analysis and best match text retrieval" ,BOOKTITLE = sigir94 ,YEAR = "1994" ,entered-by = "Junghoo Cho" } @InProceedings{lai98, author = "Kevin Lai and Mema Roussopoulos and Diane Tang and Xinhua Zhao and Mary Baker", title = "Experiences with a Mobile Testbed", booktitle = "Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Worldwide Computing and its Applications (WWCA'98)", year = 1998, month = "Mar", key = "Mobile computing; Mobile networking", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @InProceedings{poge97, author = "E. Poger and M. Baker", title = "Secure Public Internet Access Handler (SPINACH)", booktitle = "Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems", year = 1997, month = "Dec", key = "Mobile computing; Mobile networking", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @InProceedings{ches96, author = "S. Cheshire and M. Baker", title = "Internet Mobility 4x4", booktitle = "Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM'96 Conference", year = 1996, month = "Aug", key = "Mobile computing; Mobile networking", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @InProceedings{bake96, author = "M. Baker and X. Zhao and S. Cheshire and J. Stone", title = "Supporting Mobility in MosquitoNet", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1996 USENIX Conference", year = 1996, month = "Jan", key = "Mobile computing; Mobile networking", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @Article{ches96a, author = "S. Cheshire and M. Baker", title = "A Wireless Network in MosquitoNet", journal = "IEEE Micro", year = 1996, month = "Feb", key = "Mobile computing; Mobile networking", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @InProceedings{bake94, author = "M. Baker", title = "Changing Communication Environments in MosquitoNet", booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications", year = 1994, month = "Dec", key = "Mobile computing; Mobile networking", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @MANUAL{trade97 ,TITLE = "ITU/ISO ODP Trading Function" ,organization = "ISO/IEC" ,note = "ISO/IEC IS 13235-1, ITU/T Draft Rec X950-1" ,year = "1997" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "trading service" ,abstract = {~} } @techreport{ansaManual, author = "J. P. Deschrevel", title = "The ANSA Model for Trading and Federation", institution = "APM, Cambridge", year = 1989, number = "APM.1005.01", } @article{odpTrader, author = "M. Bearman", title = "ODP-Trader", journal = "Open Distributed Processing", volume = 2, pages = "19 - 33", editedby = "J. de Meer and B. Mahr and S. Storp", publisher = "North-Holland", year = 1994, } @Article{fox96a, author = "Armando Fox and Steven D. Gribble and Eric A. Brewer and Elan Amir", title = "Adapting to network and client variability via on-demand dynamic distillation", key = "client-server systems; data compression; Internet; performance evaluation; client variability; on-demand dynamic distillation; Internet; smart cellular phones; handheld wireless devices; Internet clients; hardware resources; software sophistication; connectivity; server support; client variation; on-demand datatype-specific lossy compression; semantically typed data; proxy architecture; application-level management; display output; end-to-end performance; low-end clients", journal = "SIGPLAN Not. (USA), SIGPLAN Notices", year = 1996, volume = 31, number = 9, pages = "160-70", month = "Sep", note = "Also Seventh Intl. Conf. on Arch. Support for Prog. Lang. and Oper. Sys. (ASPLOS-VII)", abstract = {The explosive growth of the Internet and the proliferation of smart cellular phones and handheld wireless devices is widening an already large gap between Internet clients. Clients vary in their hardware resources, software sophistication, and quality of connectivity, yet server support for client variation ranges from relatively poor to none at all. In this paper we introduce some design principles that we believe are fundamental to providing "meaningful" Internet access for the entire range of clients. In particular, we show how to perform on-demand datatype-specific lossy compression on semantically typed data, tailoring content to the specific constraints of the client. We instantiate our design principles in a proxy architecture that further exploits typed data to enable application-level management of scarce network resources. Our proxy architecture generalizes previous work addressing all three aspects of client variation by applying well-understood techniques in a novel way, resulting in quantitatively better end-to-end performance, higher quality display output, and new capabilities for low-end clients.}, entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @InProceedings{fox97, author = "A. Fox and S. D. Gribble and Y. Chawathe and A. S. Polite and A. Huang and B. Ling and E. A. Brewer", title = "Orthogonal extensions to the WWW user interface using client-side technologies", key = "data compression; hypermedia; image coding; Internet; object-oriented languages; page description languages; user interfaces; WWW user interface; orthogonal extensions; client-side technology; intelligent services; user control; Web browsing; TranSend service; lossy compression; inline images; dialup Web access; preferences profile; HTML; Java; JavaScript; World Wide Web interface; Internet", pages = "83-4", booktitle = "Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. 10th Annual Symposium. UIST '97", year = 1997, month = "Oct", abstract = "We describe our experience implementing orthogonal extensions to the existing WWW user interface, to support user control of intelligent services. Our extensions are orthogonal in that they provide an interface to a service, which complements the Web browsing experience but is independent of the content of any particular site. We base our experiments on the TranSend service at UC Berkeley, which performs lossy compression on inline images to accelerate dialup Web access for a community of 25,000 subscribers. The service keeps a separate preferences profile for each user, which allows each user to vary the aggressiveness of lossy compression, selectively turn off the service for certain pages, and select the type of interface provided for refinement of degraded (lossily compressed) content. We are exploring three technologies for implementing the TranSend service interface: HTML decoration, Java and JavaScript.", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @Article{fox96b, author = "Armando Fox and Eric A. Brewer", title = "Reducing WWW latency and bandwidth requirements by real-time distillation", journal = "Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. (Netherlands), Computer Networks and ISDN Systems", year = 1996, volume = 28, number = "7-11", pages = "1445-56", month = "May", note = "cache storage; client-server systems; computer communications software; data compression; Internet; network servers; real-time systems; network latency; bandwidth requirements; real-time distillation; Pythia proxy mechanism; World Wide Web; real-time refinement; statistical models; metered cellular phone service; transcoding; client-side rendering; data representation; client display constraints; content optimization; PPP; Point-to-Point Protocol; image loading; added value", abstract = "The Pythia proxy mechanism provides three important orthogonal benefits to World Wide Web (WWW) clients. (1) Real-time distillation and refinement, guided by statistical models, allow the user to bound latency and exercise explicit control over bandwidth that may be scarce and expensive (e.g. a metered cellular phone service). (2) Transcoding to a representation understood directly by the client system may improve rendering on the client or result in a representation that can be transmitted more efficiently. (3) Knowledge of client display constraints allows content to be optimized for rendering on the client. Users have commented that even the prototype version of Pythia provides a qualitative increase of about 5 times when surfing the World Wide Web over PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) with a 14.4 kbit/s modem. These are the same users that previously turned image loading off completely in order to make surfing bearable. With the continued growth of the WWW, the benefits afforded by proxied services like Pythia will represent increasingly significant added value to end users and content providers alike. Pythia is the first fruit of a comprehensive research agenda aimed at implementing and deploying such services.", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @Article{nara96, author = "S. Narayanaswamy and S. Seshan and E. Amir and E. Brewer and R. W. Brodersen and F. Burghardt and A. Burstein and Yuan-Chi Chang and A. Fox and J. M. Gilbert and R. Han and R. H. Katz and A. C. Long and D. G. Messerschmitt and J. M. Rabaey", title = "A low-power, lightweight unit to provide ubiquitous information access application and network support for InfoPad", journal = "IEEE Personal Communications", year = 1996, volume = 3, number = 2, pages = "4-17", month = "Apr", key = "data communication; indoor radio; Internet; land mobile radio; multimedia communication; network servers; portable computers; speech recognition; telecommunication terminals; user interfaces; information access application; network support; network servers; computer systems; multimedia Internet services; portable computing; wireless data communications; InfoPad project; lightweight wireless multimedia terminal; low-power lightweight unit; InfoPad system; high bandwidth connectivity; portability; user interface; design; software network; application services; InfoPad terminal; speech recognizers; portable terminal; servers; routing; handoff; indoor environment; InfoNet system", abstract = "Some of the most important trends in computer systems are the emerging use of multimedia Internet services, the popularity of portable computing, and the development of wireless data communications. The primary goal of the InfoPad project is to combine these trends to create a system that provides ubiquitous information access. The system is built around a low-power, lightweight wireless multimedia terminal that operates in indoor environments and supports a high density of users. The InfoPad system uses a number of innovative techniques to provide the high-bandwidth connectivity, portability, and user interface needed for this environment. The article describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of the software network and application services that support the InfoPad terminal. Special applications, type servers, and recognizers are developed for the InfoPad system. This software is designed to take advantage of the multimedia capabilities of the portable terminal and the additional computational resources available on the servers. The InfoNet system provides low-latency, high bandwidth connectivity between the computation and the portable terminal. It also provides the routing and handoff support that allows users to roam freely. The performance measurements of the system show that this design is a viable alternative, especially in the indoor environment.", entered-by = "Henry Berg" } @ARTICLE{mill98 ,AUTHOR = "Eric Miller" ,TITLE = "An Introduction to the Resource Description Framework" ,JOURNAL = "D-Lib Magazine" ,YEAR = "1998" ,month = "May" ,note = "http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may98/miller/05miller.html" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "RDF, resource description framework, metadata, XML" ,abstract = {~} } @MANUAL{rdf98 ,TITLE = "Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification" ,INSTITUTION = "World-Wide Web Consortium" ,YEAR = "1998" ,number = "WD-rdf-syntax-19980819" ,note = "Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-rdf-syntax/" ,links = "(title:www:http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-rdf-syntax/)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "RDF, Resource Description Framework" ,abstract = {~} } @ARTICLE{paep98a ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke and Michelle Baldonado and Chen-Chuan K. Chang and Steve Cousins and Hector Garcia-Molina " ,TITLE = "Using distributed objects to build the Stanford digital library Infobus" ,JOURNAL = ieeecomp ,YEAR = "1999" ,volume = 32 ,number = 2 ,pages = "80--87" ,month = "February" ,note = "Similar version available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-50. Title = Building the InfoBus" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-50)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "InfoBus, digital library, CORBA, distributed objects, USMARC, query processing, interoperability, heterogeneous systems, metadata, state management" ,abstract = {We review selected technical challenges addressed in our digital library project. Our InfoBus, a CORBA-based distributed object infrastructure, unifies access to heterogeneous document collections and information processing services. We organize search access using a protocol (DLIOP) that is tailored for use with distributed objects. A metadata architecture supports novel user interfaces and query translation facilities. We briefly explain these components and then describe how technology choices such as distributed objects, commercial cataloguing schemes and Java, helped and hindered our progress. We also describe the evolution of our design tradeoffs.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{hear95 ,AUTHOR = "Marti A. Hearst" ,TITLE = "TileBars: Visualization of Term Distribution Information in Full Text Information Access" ,BOOKTITLE = chi95 ,YEAR = "1995" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "TileBars" ,abstract = {The field of information retrieval has traditionally focused on textbases consisting of titles and abstracts. As a consequence, many underlying assumptions must be altered for retrieval from full-length text collections. This paper argues for making use of text structure when retrieving from full text documents, and presents a visualization paradigm, called TileBars, that demonstrates the usefulness of explicit term distribution information in Boolean-type queries. TileBars simultaneously and compactly indicate relative document length, query term frequency, and query term distribution. The patterns in a column of TileBars can be quickly scanned and deciphered, aiding users in making judgments about the potential relevance of the retrieved documents. } } @INPROCEEDINGS{stai97 ,AUTHOR = "Mark A. Stairmand" ,TITLE = "Textual Content Analysis for Information Retrieval" ,BOOKTITLE = sigir97 ,YEAR = "1997" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "WordNet, semantics-based retrieval" ,abstract = {Shows how WordNet-based search facility doesn't work for text segmentation and word disambiguation, but that it does work for improved indexing} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cutt92 ,AUTHOR = "Douglass R. Cutting and Jan O. Pedersen and David Karger and John W. Tukey" ,TITLE = "Scatter/Gather: A Cluster-based Approach to Browsing Large Document Collections" ,BOOKTITLE = sigir92 ,YEAR = "1992" ,pages = "318-329" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Scatter/Gather" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cutt93 ,AUTHOR = "Douglass R. Cutting and David Karger and Jan Pedersen" ,TITLE = "Constant interaction-time Scatter/Gather browsing of very large document collections" ,BOOKTITLE = sigir93 ,YEAR = "1993" ,pages = "126-135" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Scatter/Gather" ,abstract = {~} } @INPROCEEDINGS{kess97 ,AUTHOR = "Brett Kessler and Geoffrey Nunberg and Hinrich Schuetze" ,TITLE = "Automatic Detection of Text Genre" ,BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings ACL/EACL" ,YEAR = "1997" ,links = "(title:www:http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/?9707002)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "genre detection, automatic text complexity analysis, value filtering" ,abstract = {Describes experiment where they detected genre just from surface features, not from tags marking structures. They show that they can do at least as well with this low-overhead approach as others can with tagging. They also detect level of sophistication} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cho98a ,AUTHOR = "Junghoo Cho and Narayanan Shivakumar and Hector Garcia-Molina" ,TITLE = "Computing Document Clusters on the Web" ,BOOKTITLE = sigmod00 ,YEAR = "1998" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "SCAM, mirror site detection, value filtering, crawling" ,abstract = {They crawl the Web and automatically find out which sites completely or partially mirror each other.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{mack89 ,AUTHOR = "Wendy E. Mackay and Thomas W. Malone and Kevin Crowston and Ramana Rao and David Rosenblitt and Stuart K. Card" ,TITLE = "How Do Experienced Information Lens Users Use Rules?" ,BOOKTITLE = chi89 ,YEAR = "1989" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Paepcke's files" ,keywords = "information lens, mail agents, filters" ,abstract = {Study of 13 users to show that rules work for mail presorting.} } @ARTICLE{malo87 ,AUTHOR = "Thomas W. Malone and Kenneth R. Grant and Kum-Yew Lai and Ramana Rao and David Rosenblitt" ,TITLE = "Semistructured Messages are Surprisingly Useful for Computer-Supported Coordination" ,JOURNAL = tois ,YEAR = "1987" ,month = "April" ,volume = "5" ,number = "2" ,pages = "115-131" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "db library" ,keywords = "Information Lens, semi-structured data, filtering, email" ,abstract = {Show how they Information Lens lets users write rules about email. Explains that semi-structured data is special} } @ARTICLE{poll88 ,AUTHOR = "Stephen Pollock" ,TITLE = "A Rule-Based Message Filtering System" ,JOURNAL = tranos ,YEAR = "1988" ,month = "July" ,volume = "6" ,number = "3" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,found-in = "Paepcke's files" ,status = "skimmed" ,keywords = "mail agents, ISCREEN, filters" ,abstract = {You write rules and the system filters your mail.} } @phdthesis{sahami-thesis, author={Mehran Sahami}, title={Using Machine Learning to Improve Information Access}, year=1998, address={Computer Science Department}, school={Stanford University}} @INPROCEEDINGS{paep98b ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke and Hector Garcia-Molina and Gerard Rodriquez" ,TITLE = "Collaborative Value Filtering on the Web. KSS" ,BOOKTITLE = www98 ,YEAR = "1998" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-47)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "KSS, value filtering" ,abstract = {Additional citation info: Computer and ISDN Systems (1998). Volume 30, Numbers 1-7, April 1998} } @ARTICLE{paep98c ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke and Hector Garcia-Molina and Gerard Rodriguez and Junghoo Cho" ,TITLE = "Beyond Document Similarity: Understanding Value-Based Search and Browsing Technologies" ,JOURNAL = "SIGMOD Records" ,YEAR = "2000" ,month = "March" ,volume = "29" ,number = "1" ,pages = "~" ,note = "Available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-5" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/2000-5)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "value filtering" ,abstract = {High volumes of diverse documents on the Web are overwhelming search and ranking technologies that are based on document similarity measures. The increase of multimedia data within documents sharply exacerbates the shortcomings of these approaches. Recently, research prototypes and commercial experiments have added techniques that augment similarity-based search and ranking. These techniques rely on judgments about the value of documents. Judgments are obtained directly from users, are derived by conjecture based on observations of user behavior, or are surmised from analyses of documents and collections. All these systems have been pursued independently, and no common understanding of the underlying processes has been presented. We survey existing value-based approaches, develop a reference architecture that helps compare the approaches, and categorize the constituent algorithms. We explain the options for collecting value metadata, and for using that metadata to improve search, ranking of results, and the enhancement of information browsing. Based on our survey and analysis, we then point to several open problems.} } @BOOK{filt92 ,AUTHOR = "Shoshana Loeb and Douglas Terry" ,TITLE = "Information Filtering" ,PUBLISHER = "Communications of the ACM" ,YEAR = "1992" ,month = "December" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "value filtering" ,abstract = {This entry is here to allow citing of this CACM issue as a whole} } @BOOK{reco97 ,AUTHOR = "Paul Resnick and Hal R. Varian" ,TITLE = "Recommender Systems" ,PUBLISHER = "Communications of the ACM" ,YEAR = "1997" ,month = "March" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "value filtering" ,abstract = {This entry is here to allow citing of this CACM issue as a whole} } @INPROCEEDINGS{brin98b ,AUTHOR = "Sergey Brin" ,TITLE = "Extracting Patterns and Relations from the World Wide Web" ,BOOKTITLE = "WebDB Workshop at 6th International Conference on Extending Database Technology, EDBT'98" ,YEAR = "1998" ,note = "Available at http://www-db.stanford.edu/~sergey/extract.ps" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1999-65)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "value filtering, pattern derivation, data mining, genre detection" ,abstract = {Seed a search with examples of a pattern, such as citations to books. Let the engine run over Web pages and learn. Get back more books.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{bran99 ,AUTHOR = "Onn Brandman and Hector Garcia-Molina and Andreas Paepcke" ,TITLE = "Where Have You Been? A Comparison of Three Web Tracking Technologies" ,BOOKTITLE = "Submitted for publication" ,YEAR = "1999" ,note = "Available at http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1999-61" ,links = "(title:www:http://dbpubs.stanford.edu/pub/1999-61)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "Web tracking, value filtering" ,abstract = {Web searching and browsing can be improved if browsers and search engines know which pages users frequently visit. 'Web tracking' is the process of gathering that information. The goal for Web tracking is to obtain a database describing Web page download times and users' page traversal patterns. The database can then be used for data mining or for suggesting popular or relevant pages to other users. We implemented three Web tracking systems, and compared their performance. In the first system, rather than connecting directly to Web sites, a client issues URL requests to a proxy. The proxy connects to the remote server and returns the data to the client, keeping a log of all transactions. The second system uses "sniffers" to log all HTTP traffic on a subnet. The third system periodically collects browser log files and sends them to a central repository for processing. Each of the systems differs in its advantages and pitfalls. We present a comparison of these techniques.} } @MISC{squi99 ,title = "Squid Internet Object Cache" ,year = "1999" ,entered-by = "Onn Brandman" ,keywords = "Web proxy, web cache, access tracking, value filtering" ,abstract = {Freeware Web proxy that can provide caching services} ,links="(title:www:http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/)" } @MISC{dirh99 ,title = "Direct Hit" ,year = "1999" ,entered-by = "Onn Brandman" ,keywords = "Web tracking, value filtering" ,abstract = {Company that provides search tracking services} ,links="(title:www:http://www.directhit.com)" } @BOOK{yate99 ,AUTHOR = "Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Berthier Ribeiro-Neto" ,TITLE = "Modern Information Retrieval" ,PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley-Longman" ,YEAR = "1999" ,month = "May" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,abstract = {The chapters of the book are: Introduction Modeling Retrieval Evaluation Query Languages (with Gonzalo Navarro) Query Operations Text and Multimedia Languages and Properties Text Operations (with Nivio Ziviani) Indexing and Searching (with Gonzalo Navarro) Parallel and Distributed IR (by Eric Brown) User Interfaces and Visualization (by Marti Hearst) Multimedia IR: Models and Languages (by Elisa Bertino, Barbara Catania and Elena Ferrari) Multimedia IR: Indexing and Searching (by Christos Faloutsos) Searching the Web Libraries and Bibliographic Systems (by Edie Rasmussen) Digital Libraries (by Edward Fox and Ohm Sornil) Appendix: Porter's Algorithm Glossary References (more than 800) Index More information can be found in: http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/irbook } } @article{scha94 ,AUTHOR = "Linda Schamber" ,TITLE = "Relevance and Information Behavior" ,JOURNAL = "Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST)" ,YEAR = "1994" ,volume = "29" ,pages = "3--48" ,editor = "Martha E. Williams" ,publisher = "American Society for Information Science (ASIS)" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "relevance, information utility, information retrieval" ,abstract = {This is a long survey of what people have said/thought about information relevance. (See also Mizz97)} } @ARTICLE{mizz97 ,AUTHOR = "Stefano Mizzaro" ,TITLE = "Relevance: The Whole History" ,JOURNAL = jasis ,YEAR = "1997" ,volume = "48" ,number = "9" ,pages = "810--832" ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke" ,keywords = "relevance, information utility, information retrieval" ,abstract = {Historical roundup of thoughts on relevance. Nicely written. Covers three eras: 17th century-1958; 1958-1976; 1977-1997; Lists the essentials of about 160 papers, summarizing their respective contributions for several aspects of relevance.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{halp99a ,AUTHOR = "Joseph Y. Halpern and Carl Lagoze" ,TITLE = "The Computing Research Repository: Promoting the Rapid Dissemination and Archiving of Computer Science Research" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,abstract = {We describe the Computing Research Repository (CoRR), a new electronic archive for rapid dissemination and archiving of computer science research results. CoRR was initiated in September 1998 through the cooperation of ACM, LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) e-Print archive, and NCSTRL (Networked Computer Science Technical Reference Library. Through its implementation of the Dienst protocol, CoRR combines the open and extensible architecture of NCSTRL with the reliable access and well-established management practices of the LANL XXX e-Print repository. This architecture will allow integration with other e-Print archives and provides a foundation for a future broad-based scholarly digital library. We describe the decisions that were made in creating CoRR, the architecture of the CoRR/NCSTRL interoperation, and issues that have arisen during the operation of CoRR.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{dunn99a ,AUTHOR = "Jon W. Dunn and Costance A. Mayer" ,TITLE = "VARIATIONS: A Digital Music Library System at Indiana University" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "music libraries, digital audio" ,abstract = {The field of music provides an interesting context for the development of digital library systems due to the variety of information formats used by music students and scholars. The VARIATIONS digital library project at Indiana University currently delivers online access to sound recordings from the collections of IU's William and Gayle Cook Music Library and is developing access to musical score images and other formats. This paper covers the motivations for the creation of VARIATIONS, an overview of its operation and implementation, user reactions to the system, and future plans for development.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{phan99a ,AUTHOR = "Constantinos Phanouriou and Neill A. Kipp and Ohm Sornil and Paul Mather and Edward A. Fox" ,TITLE = "A Digital Library for Authors: Recent Progress of the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "dissertations, thesis" ,abstract = {The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) is more than an online collection of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). It is a scalable project that has impact on thousands of graduate students in many countries as well as diverse researchers worldwide. By May 1999 it had 59 official members rep resenting 13 countries and integrated some of the world's newest research works, including ETD collections at Virginia Tech and West Virginia University, where ETD submission is now required. The number of accesses to the Virginia Tech collection has grown by more than half in the last year. NDLTD is committed to authors, aiming to improve graduate education for the over 100,000 students that prepare a thesis or dissertation each year. It encourages them to be more expressive by facilitating incorporation of multimedia components into their theses. NDLTD activities include: applying automation methods to simplify submission of ETDs over the WWW; specifying the application of the Dublin Core to guarantee that metadata can satisfy needs of search- ing and browsing; selecting open standards and procedures to facilitate interoperability and preservation; and demonstrating a variety of interfaces, both 2D and 3D, along with exploring their usability.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{chen99a ,AUTHOR = "Yuan Chen and Jan Edler and Andrew Goldberg and Allan Gottlieb and Sumeet Sobti and Peter Yianilos" ,TITLE = "A Prototype Implementation of Archival Intermemory" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "archival storage, distributed redundant databases" ,abstract = {An Archival Intermemory solves the problem of highly survivable digital data storage in the spirit of the Internet. In this paper we describe a prototype implementation of Intermemory, including an overall system architecture and implementations of key system components. The result is a working Intermemory that tolerates up to 17 simultaneous node failures, and includes a Web gateway for browser-based access to data. Our work demonstrates the basic feasibility of Intermemory and represents significant progress towards a deployable system.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{chun99a ,AUTHOR = "Y-Ming Chung and Qin He and Kevin Powell and Bruce Schatz" ,TITLE = "Semantic Indexing for a Complete Subject Discipline" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "semantic indexing, concept space" ,abstract = {As part of the Illinois Digital Library Initiative (DLI) project we developed "scalable semantics" technologies. These statistical techniques enabled us to index large collections for deeper search than word matching. Through the auspices of the DARPA Information Management program, we are developing an integrated analysis environment, the Interspace Prototype, that uses "semantic indexing" as the foundation for supporting concept navigation. These semantic indexes record the contextual correlation of noun phrases, and are computed generically, independent of subject domain. Using this technology, we were able to compute semantic indexes for a subject discipline. In particular, in the summer of 1998, we computed concept spaces for 9.3M MEDLINE bibliographic records from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) which extensively covered the biomedical literature for the period from 1966 to 1997. In this experiment, we first partitioned the collection into smaller collections (repositories) by subject, extracted noun phrases from titles and abstracts, then performed semantic indexing on these subcollections by creating a concept space for each repository. The computation required 2 days on a 128-node SGI/CRAY Origin 2000 at the National Center for Supercomputer Ap- plications (NCSA). This experiment demonstrated the feasibility of scalable semantics techniques for large collections. With the rapid increase in computing power, we believe this indexing technology will shortly be feasible on personal computers.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{doli99a ,AUTHOR = "R. Dolin and D. Agrawal and A. El Abbadi" ,TITLE = "Scalable Collection Summarization and Selection" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "resource discovery" ,abstract = {Information retrieval over the Internet increasingly requires the filtering of thousands of information sources. As the number and variety of sources increases, new ways of automatically summarizing, discovering, and selecting sources relevant to a user's query are needed. Pharos is a highly scalable distributed architecture for locating heterogeneous information sources. Its design is hierarchical, thus allowing it to scale well as the number of information sources increases. We demonstrate the feasibility of the Pharos architecture using 2500 Usenet newsgroups as separate collections. Each newsgroup is summarized via automated Library of Congress classification. We show that using Pharos as an intermediate retrieval mechanism provides acceptable accuracy of source selection compared to selecting sources using complete classification information, while maintaining good scalability. This implies that hierarchical distributed metadata and automated classification are potentially useful paradigms to address scalability problems in large-scale distributed information retrieval applications.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{cres99a ,AUTHOR = "Fabio Crestani" ,TITLE = "Vocal Access to a Newspaper Archive: Design Issues and Preliminary Investigations" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,abstract = {This paper presents the design and the current prototype implementation of an interactive vocal Information Retrieval system that can be used to access articles of a large news paper archive using a telephone. The results of preliminary investigation into the feasibility of such a system are also presented.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{hu99a ,AUTHOR = "Michael J. Hu and Ye Jian" ,TITLE = "Multimedia Description Framework (MDF) for Content Description of Audio/Video Documents" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "meta-data, content description" ,abstract = {MPEG is undertaking a new initiative to standardize content description of audio and video data/documents. When it is finalized in 2001, MPEG-7 is expected to provide standardized description language and schemes for concise and unambiguous content description of data/documents of complex media types. Meanwhile, other meta-data or description schemes, such as Dublin Core, XML, RDF, etc., are becoming popular in different application domains. In this paper, we propose Multimedia Description Framework (MDF), which is designated to accommodate multiple description (meta-data) schemes, MPEG-7 and non-MPEG-7, into integrated architecture. We will u`se examples to show how MDF description makes use of combined strength of different description schemes to enhance its expression power and flexibility. We conclude the paper with discussion of using MDF description of MPEG-7 Content Set to search/retrieve required audio and video documents from the set utilizing an MDF prototype system we have implemented.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{mars99a ,AUTHOR = "Catherine C. Marshall and Morgan N. Price and Gene Golovchinsky and Bill N. Schilit" ,TITLE = "Introducing a digital library reading appliance into a reading group" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "e-book, paper document metaphor" ,abstract = {How will we read digital library materials? This paper describes the reading practices of an on-going reading group, and how these practices changed when we introduced XLibris, a digital library reading appliance that uses a pen tablet computer to provide a paper-like interface. We interviewed group members about their reading practices, observed their meetings. and analyzed their annotations. both when they read a paper document and when they read using XLibris: We use these data to characterize their analytic reading, reference use, and annotation practices. We also describe the use of the Reader's Notebook, a list of clippings that XLibris computes from a reader's annotations. Implications for digital libraries stem from our findings on reading and mobility. the complexity of analytic reading, the social nature of reference following. and the unselfconscious nature of readers' annotations.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{ding99a ,AUTHOR = "Wei Ding and Gary Marchionini and Dagobert Soergel" ,TITLE = "Multimodal Surrogates for Video Browsing" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "abstracting methods" ,abstract = {Three types of video surrogates - visual (keyframes), verbal (keywords/phrases), and visual and verbal - were designed and studied in a qualitative investigation of user cognitive processes. The results favor the combined surrogates in which verbal information and images reinforce each other, lead to better comprehension, and may actually require less processing time, The results also highlight image features users found most helpful. These findings will inform the interface design and video representation for video retrieval and browsing.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{bish99a ,AUTHOR = "Ann Peterson Bishop" ,TITLE = "Making Digital Libraries Go: Comparing Use Across Genres" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "user studies" ,abstract = {A new federal initiative called Information Technology for the Twenty-First Century (IT2) recognizes the need to bridge research across domains in or&r to bring computing benefits to society at large. One implication for digital library (DL) research is that we should start looking at projects that span the spectrum from basic computer science to the implementation of working systems and consider links among findings on information system use from a variety of arenas in life. In this paper, I integrate findings from my research on people's encounters with DLs in two different arenas: academia and low-income neighborhoods. The point is to see how concepts and conclusions related to use do, in fact, cross these arenas. The paper also aims to help bring results from studies of local community information practices into the realm of DLs, since community networking represents one particular genre and audience that has not yet received a great deal of attention from those engaged in DL research. Beginning with a discussion of DL use as an "assemblage" of infrastructure, norms, knowledge, and practice, the paper explores a number of insights gleaned from user studies associated with two separate research projects: 1) the recently completed University of Illinois Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI) project; and 2) the Community Networking Initiative (CNI) currently in progress under the auspices of the University of Illinois, the Urban League of Champaign County and Prairienet, the community network serving East Central Illinois. Insights about DL use discussed in this paper include: the way in which trivial barriers are magnified until they effectively cut off use on a large scale; the difficulties faced by "outsiders" whose information worlds are impoverished, the primacy of comfort and relevant content in encouraging use; and the importance of informal social networks for providing help related to system use.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{boll99a ,AUTHOR = "Kurt D. Bollacker and Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles" ,TITLE = "A System For Automatic Personalized Tracking of Scientific Literature on the Web" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "user profile, citation index" ,abstract = {We introduce a system as part of the CiteSeer digital library project for automatic tracking of scientific literature that is relevant to a user's research interests. Unlike previous systems that use simple keyword matching, CiteSeer is able to track and recommend topically relevant papers even when keyword based query profiles fail. This is made possible through the use of a heterogenous profile to represent user interests. These profiles include several representations, including content based relatedness measures. The CiteSeer tracking system is well integrated into the search and browsing facilities'of CiteSeer, and provides the user with great flexibility in tuning a profile to better match his or her interests. The software for this system is available, and a sample database is online as a public service.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{jone99a ,AUTHOR = "Steve Jones and Gordon Paynter" ,TITLE = "Topic-Based Browsing Within a Digital library Using Keyphrases" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "automated hypertext generation" ,abstract = {Many digital libraries are comprised of documents from disparate sources that are independent of the rest of the collection in which they reside. A user's ability to explore is severely curtailed when each document stands in isolation; there is no way to navigate to other, related, documents, or even to tell if such documents exist. `We describe a method for automatically introducing topic-based links into documents to support browsing in digital libraries. Automatic keyphrase extraction is exploited to identify link anchors, and keyphrase-based similarity measures are used to select and rank destinations. Two implementations are described: one that applies these techniques to existing WWW-based digital library collections using standard HTML, and one that uses a wider range of interface techniques to provide more sophisticated linking capabilities. An evaluation shows that keyphrase-based similarity measures work as well as a popular full-text retrieval system for finding relevant destination documents.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{byrd99a ,AUTHOR = "Donald Byrd" ,TITLE = "A Scrollbar-based Visualization for Document Navigation" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "user interface, user study" ,abstract = {We are interested in questions of improving user control in best- match text-retrieval systems, specifically questions as to whether simple visualizations that nonetheless go beyond the minimal ones generally available can significantly help users. Recently, we have been investigating ways to help users decide-given a set of documents retrieved by a query-which documents and passages are worth closer examination. We built a document viewer incorporating a visualization centered around a novel content-displaying scrollbar and color term highlighting, and studied whether the visualization is helpful to non-expert searchers. Participants' reaction to the visualization was very positive, while the objective results were inconclusive.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{comb99a ,AUTHOR = "Tammara T.A. Combs and Benjamin B. Bederson" ,TITLE = "Does Zooming Improve Image Browsing?" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "zoomable user interfaces" ,abstract = {We describe an image retrieval system we built based on a Zoomable User Interface (ZUI). We also discuss the design, results and analysis of a controlled experiment we performed on the browsing aspects of the system. The experiment resulted in a statistically significant difference in the interaction between number of images (25, 75, 225) and style of browser (2D, ZUI, 3D). The 2D and ZUI browser systems performed equally, and both performed better than the 3D systems. The image browsers tested during the experiment include Cerious Software's Thumbs Plus, TriVista Technology's Simple Landscape and Photo GoRound, and our Zoomable Image Browser based on Pad++.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{lim99a ,AUTHOR = "Joo-Hwee Lim" ,TITLE = "Learnable Visual Keywords for Image Classification" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,abstract = {Automatic categorization of multimedia documents is an important function for a digital library system. While text categorization has received much attentions by IR researchers, classification of visual data is at its infancy stage. In this paper, we propose a notion of visual keywords for similarity matching between visual contents. Visual keywords can be constructed automatically from samples of visual data through supervised/unsupervised learning. Given a visual content, the occurrences of visual keywords are detected, summarized spatially, and coded via singular value decomposition to arrive at a concise coded description. The methods to create, detect, summarize, select, and code visual keywords will be detailed. Last but not least, we describe an evaluation experiment that classifies professional nature scenery photographs to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of visual keywords for automatic categorization of images in digital libraries.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{wech99a ,AUTHOR = "Martin Wechsier and Peter Schauble" ,TITLE = "A New Ranking Principle for Multimedia Information Retrieval" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "relevance ranking, optimal search performance" ,abstract = {A theoretic framework for multimedia information retrieval is introduced which guarantees optimal retrieval effectiveness. In particular, a Ranking Principle for Distributed Multimedia-Documents (RPDM) is described together with an algorithm that satisfies this principle. Finally, the RPDM is shown to be a generalization of the Probability Ranking principle (PRP) which guarantees optimal retrieval effectiveness in the caSe of text document retrieval. The PRP justifies theoretically the relevance ranking adopted by modern search engines. In contrast to the classical PRP, the new RPDM takes into account transmission and inspection time, and most importantly, aspectual recall rather than simple recall.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{melu99a ,AUTHOR = "Massimo Melucci and Nicola Orio" ,TITLE = "Musical Information Retrieval using Melodic Surface" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "computer music, automatic indexing" ,abstract = {The automatic best-match and content-based retrieval of musical documents against musical queries is addressed in this paper. By "musical documents" we mean scores or performances, while musical queries are supposed to be inserted by final users using a musical interface (GUI or MIDI keyboard). Musical documents lack of separators necessary to detect "lexical units" like text words. Moreover there are many variants of a musical phrase between different works. The paper presents a technique to automatically detect musical phrases to be used as content descriptors, and conflate musical phrase variants by extracting a common stem. An experimental study reports on the results of indexing and retrieval tests using the vector-space model. The technique can complement catalogue-based access whenever the user is unable to use fixed values, or he would find performances or scores being "similar" in content to known ones.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{bain99a ,AUTHOR = "David Bainbridge and Craig G. Nevill-Manning and Ian H. Witten and Lloyd A. Smith and Rodger J. McNab" ,TITLE = "Towards a Digital Library of Popular Music" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "music libraries, music representation, melody matching, optical music recognition, MIDI" ,abstract = {Digital libraries of music have the potential to capture popular imagination in ways that more scholarly libraries cannot. we are working towards a comprehensive digital library of musical material, including popular music. We have developed new ways of collecting musical material, accessing it through searching and browsing, and presenting the results to the user. We work with different representations of music: facsimile images of scores, the internal representation of a music editing program, page images typeset by a music editor, MIDI files, audio files representing sung user input, and textual metadata such as title, composer and arranger, and lyrics. This paper describes a comprehensive suite of tools that we have built for this project. These tools gather musical material, convert between many of these representations, allow searching based on combined musical and textual criteria, and help present the results of searching and browsing. Although we do not yet have a single fully-blown digital music library, we have built several exploratory prototype collections of music, some of them very large (100,000 tunes), and critical components of the system have been evaluated.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{dush99a ,AUTHOR = "Naomi Dushay and James C. French and Carl Lagoze" ,TITLE = "Using Query Mediators for Distributed Searching in Federated Digital Libraries" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "distributed searching, query routing, search engine performance" ,abstract = {Resource discovery in a distributed digital library poses many challenges, one of which is how to choose search engines for query distribution. In this paper, we describe a federated, distributed digital library architecture and introduce the notion of a query mediator as a digital library service responsible for selecting among available search engines, routing queries to those search engines, and aggregating results. We examine operational data from the NCSTRL digital library, focusing on two characteristics of distributed resource discovery: availability (will a search engine respond within a time limit) and response time (how quickly will a search engine respond, given that it does respond) and distinguishing between the query mediator view of these characteristics and the indexer view. We also examine the accuracy of predictions we made of QM-view availability and response times of search engines.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{lark99a ,AUTHOR = "Leah S. Larkey" ,TITLE = "A Patent Search and Classification System" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "text categorization" ,abstract = {We present a system for searching and classifying U.S. patent documents, based on Inquery. Patents are distributed through hundreds of collections, divided up by general area. The system selects the best collections for the query. Users can search for pants or classify patent text. The user interface helps users search in fields without requiring the knowledge of Inquery query operators. The system includes a unique "phrase help" facility, which helps users find and add phrases and terms related to those in their query.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{mcgr99a ,AUTHOR = "Robert E. McGrath and Joe Futrelle and Ray Plante" ,TITLE = "Digital Library Technology for Locating and Accessing Scientific Data" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "astronomy data" ,abstract = {In this paper we describe our efforts to bring scientific data into the digital library. This has required extension of the standard WWW, and also the extension of metadata standards far beyond the Dublin Core. Our system demonstrates this technology for real scientific data from astronomy.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{park99a ,AUTHOR = "Soyeon Park" ,TITLE = "User Preferences When Searching Individual and Integrated Full-text Databases" ,BOOKTITLE = dl99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "human computer interaction, distributed information environment, interface design" ,abstract = {This paper addresses a crucial issue in the digital library environment: how to support effective interaction of users with heterogeneous and distributed information resources. We compared users' preference for systems which implement interaction with multiple databases through a common interface and with multiple databases as if they were one (integrated interaction) in an experiment in the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) environment. Twenty-eight volunteers were recruited from the graduate students of School of Communication, Information, & Library Studies at Rutgers University. Significantly more subjects preferred the common interface (HERMES) to the integrated interface (HERA). For most of the subjects in this study, the greater control in HERMES outweighed the advantages of HERA such as convenience, efficiency, and ease of use. These results suggest that: (1) the general assumption of the information retrieval (IR) literature that an integrated interaction is best needs to be revisited; (2) it is important to allow for more user control in various ways in the distributed environment; and (3) for digital library purposes, it is important to characterize different databases to support user choice for integration.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{alme99a ,AUTHOR = "Virgilio A.F. Almeida and Wagner Meira Jr. and Vicotr F. Ribeiro and Nivio Ziviani" ,TITLE = "Efficiency Analysis of Brokers in the Electronic Marketplace " ,BOOKTITLE = www99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "electronic commerce, e-brokers" ,abstract = {In this paper we analyze the behavior of e-commerce users based on actual logs from two large non-English e-brokers. We start by presenting a quantitative study of the behavior of e-brokers and discuss the influence of regional and cultural issues on them. We then discuss a model that quantifies the efficiency of the results provided by brokers in the electronic marketplace. This model is a function of factors such as server response time and regional factors. Our findings clearly indicate that e-commerce is strongly tied to local language, national customs and regulations, currency conversion and logistics, and Internet infrastructure. We found that the behavior of customers of online bookstores is strongly affected by brand and regional factors. Music CD shoppers show a different behavior that might stem from the fact that music is universal and not so language dependent.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{anup99a ,AUTHOR = "Vinod Anupam and Alain Mayer and Kobbi Nissim and Benny Pinkas and Michael K. Reiter" ,TITLE = "On the Security of Pay-per-click and Other Web Advertising Schemes" ,BOOKTITLE = www99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "electronic commerce, secure systems" ,abstract = {We present a hit inflation attack on pay-per- click Web advertising schemes. Our attack is virtually impossible for the program provider to detect conclusively, regardless of whether the provider is a third- party `ad network` or the target of the click itself. If practiced widely, this attack could accelerate a move away from pay- per-click program, and toward programs in which referrers are paid only if the referred user subsequently makes a purchase (pay-per-sale) or engages in other substantial activity at the target site (pay-per-lead). We also briefly discuss the lack of auditability inherent in these schemes.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{jako99a ,AUTHOR = "Markus Jakobsson and Philip D. MacKenzie and Julien P. Stern" ,TITLE = "Secure and Lightweight Advertising on the Web" ,BOOKTITLE = www99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "coupons, market model" ,abstract = {We consider how to obtain a safe and efficient scheme for Web advertising. We introduce to cryptography the market model, a common concept from economics. This corresponds to an assumption of rational behavior of protocol participants. Making this assumption allows us to design schemes that are highly efficient in the common case - which is, when participants behave rationally. We demonstrate such a scheme for Web advertising. employing the concept of e-coupons. We prove that our proposed scheme is safe and meets our stringent security requirements.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{sode99a ,AUTHOR = "Caj Sodergard and Matti Aaltonen and Sari Hagman and Mikko Hiirsalmi and Timo Jarvinen and Eija Kaasinen and Timo Kinnunen and Juha Kolari and Jouko Kunnas and Antti Tammela" ,TITLE = "Integrated Multimedia Publishing: Combining TV and Newspaper Content on Personal Channels" ,BOOKTITLE = www99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "personalisation, proxy servers" ,abstract = {Fast networks enable the delivery of TV and newspaper content over an Internet connection. This enables new types of integrated publications that include features from both media. The IMU system, described in this paper, automatically integrates newspaper and TV content into a continuously updated World Wide Web-multimedia publication. An active proxy server pursues the integration and delivers the publication through an ATM fibre link to fast networks, such as the bi-directional cable TV network and the ADSL telephone network, providing near-TV quality. The users read the IMU publication from the Internet on their PCs with normal World Wide Web-browsers. You can also watch the publication on your Internet TV set. The proxy server captures metadata from the Web sites and from the editorial systems of the IMU content providers. In addition, the system keeps track of the choices of the user and proposes what news the user and his/her social group would most probably be interested in. The user interface is based on personalisable channels, which gather news material according to the priorities defined by the editors and the users. For ease of use the proxy server automatically Paginates the articles into a sequence of browsable pages. News articles and TV news are linked to each other through automatic association. In a field trial lasting eight months, 62 people used the service through the bi-directional cable TV network in their homes. The average IMU session was brief, focusing on a few and fresh articles, and took place in the evening at prime time or in the morning. Both TV and newspaper content interested the users. Personalisation was not too attractive - only some of the users created their own channels. In the user interviews, the integration of content was VIewed as the key feature.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{jones99a ,AUTHOR = "Matt Jones and Gary Marsden and Norliza Mohd-Nasir and Kevin Boone and George Buchanan" ,TITLE = "Improving Web Interaction on Small Displays" ,BOOKTITLE = www99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "handheld computers, mobile computers, small screen display" ,abstract = {Soon many people will retrieve information from the Web using handheld, palmsized or even smaller computers. Although these computers have dramatically increased in sophistication, their display size is - and will remain - much smaller than their conventional, desktop counterparts. Currently, browsers for these devices present Web pages without taking account of the very different display capabilities. As part of a collaborative project with Reuters, we carried out a study into the usability impact of small displays for retrieval tasks. Users of the small screen were 50% less effective in completing tasks than the large screen subjects. Small screen users used a very substantial number of scroll activities in attempting to complete the tasks. Our study also provided us with interesting insights into the shifts in approach users seem to make when using a small screen device for retrieval. These results suggest that the metaphors useful in a full screen desktop environment are not the most appropriate for the new devices. Design guidelines are discussed, here, Proposing directed access methods for effective small screen interaction. In our ongoing work, we are developing such 'meta-interfaces' which will sit between the small screen user and the `conventional' Web page.} } @INPROCEEDINGS{barg99a ,AUTHOR = "David Bargeron and Anoop Gupta and Jonathan Grudin and Elizabeth Sanocki" ,TITLE = "Annotations for streaming video on the Web: System Design and Usage Studies" ,BOOKTITLE = www99 ,YEAR = "1999" ,entered-by = "Rebecca Wesley" ,keywords = "video annotation, multimedia annotation, asynchronous collaboration" ,abstract = {Streaming video on the World Wide Web is being widely deployed, and workplace training and distance education are key applications. The ability to annotate video on the Web can provide significant added value in these and other areas. W